The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital.
s-orbitals (for example 1s, 2s) are spherically symmetric around the nucleus of the atom.
p-orbitals are dumb-bell shaped. l = 0,1...n-1, when l = 1, that is p subshell.
d-orbitals are butterfly shaped.
We can predict formula of ionic compounds by:
- Take a look at where the elements are listed on the periodic table.
- The amount of electrons that an element would need to gain or lose in order to resemble an atom of a nearby noble gas is one of the similarities that atoms in the same column as one another (group) tend to display.
- Alkali metal group I ions have +1 charges.
- Alkaline earth metals (group 2 ions) have a +2 charge.
- Nonmetal group 6 ions have a charge of -2.
- Halides in group 7 have a -1 charge.
- The charges of the transition metals cannot be predicted in a straightforward manner.
- Check out a table of charges (valences) to see potential values. The +1, +2, and +3 charges are most frequently employed in beginning and general chemistry courses.
- Keep in mind that the positive ion is always stated first when writing an ionic compound's formula.
These are the few guidelines we can use to product formula.
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When heating lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), it will dissociate to Li2O and Co2. So the balanced chemical equation of this reaction is Li2CO3 = Li2O + CO2.
