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3 years ago

Why does ionization energy decrease down a group?

1 answer:

german3 years ago

3 0

Ionization energy = the amount of energy it takes for an atom to lose an electron

Remember that the nucleus is positively charged and the electrons are negatively charged. Because those opposite charges attract, the nucleus is pulling the electron towards it and so, the closer an electron is to the nucleus of an atom, the stronger it is being pulled.

Now remember that as more electrons are added to match the number of protons, the shells fill up and each new shell that is made to accommodate for the electrons is further away from the nucleus. That means that the more electrons are in an atom, the more shells there are, and as the shells get further away from the nucleus, the electrons in those shells are pulled with much less force than electrons in the closer shells.

Now all that's left to remember is that as you go down the groups, the elements have bigger numbers of protons and so they have more electrons and so more shells.

Ta da!! Hope that helps!! :D

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For each of the following compounds, identify what type of bonding holds them together.

svet-max [94.6K]

Explanation

NaCl: Ionic crystal lattice forces

Hg: Metallic bonding

CO₂: London dispersion forces

CH₄: London dispersion forces

Li₂O: Ionic crystal lattice forces

Ag: Metallic bonds

Ionic crystal lattice forces are strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions arranged into a crystal lattice of ionic compound. NaCl and Li₂O are ionic compounds

London dispersion forces holds the molecules of carbon dioxide and methane. They are weak attractions found between non-polar (and polar) molecules.

Metallic bonds exists between Mercury and Gold atoms. This is due to sea of electrons present.

4 0

3 years ago

Automobile bodies contain significant amounts of iron. The iron is protected by the addition of zinc. This is called galvanizati

Oksana_A [137]

Answer: The balanced chemical equation is written below.

Explanation:

Galvanization is defined as the process in which a protective layer of zinc is applied to iron or steel to prevent the metal from rusting.

Zinc prevents the oxidation of iron and acts as a reducing agent in the process.

The half reaction for the process follows:

Oxidation half reaction: $Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e^-$

Reduction half reaction: $Fe^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow Fe$

Net chemical equation: $Zn+Fe^{2+}\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+Fe$

Hence, the balanced chemical equation is written above.

6 0

3 years ago

What does gene therapy use and why?

emmainna [20.7K]

Gene therapy is designed to introduce genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein. If a mutated gene causes a necessary protein to be faulty or missing, gene therapy may be able to introduce a normal copy of the gene to restore the function of the protein.

6 0

3 years ago

A solution has a poh of 7. 1 at 10∘c. what is the ph of the solution given that kw=2. 93×10−15 at this temperature? remember to

Gnom [1K]

A solution has a pOH of 7. 1 at 10∘c. Then the pH of the solution given that kw=2. 93×10−15 at this temperature is 7.4 .

It is given that,

pOH of solution = 7.1

Kw =2.93×10^(-15)

Firstly, we will calculate the value of pKw

The expression which we used to calculate the pKw is,

pKw=-log [Kw]

Now by putting the value of Kw in this expression,

pKw =−log{2.93×10^(-15)}

pKw =15log(2.93)

pKw=14.5

Now we have to calculate the pH of the solution.

As we know that,

pH+pOH=pKw

Now put all the given values in this formula,

pH+7.1=14.5

pH=7.4

Therefore, we find the value of pH of the solution is, 7.4.

learn more about pH value:

brainly.com/question/12942138

#SPJ4

7 0

1 year ago

Elements occur in a number of isotopic forms. In this problem, you will learn about the notation used to distinguish different i

alina1380 [7]

Answer:

Number of protons, Z = 14
Number of neutrons, N = 14

Explanation:

1) About isotopes:

Isotopes are different kind of atoms of the same element. Hence, they have the atomic number (Z), which is the number of protons, the same number of electrons (talking about to neutral atoms, not ions), and different number of neutrons N).

This is, it is the number of neutrons what distinguish different isotopes of an element.

2) About the notation used to distinguish different isotopes:

A superscript and a subscript, both to the left of the chemical symbol of the element, are used to distinguish different isotopes:

A ←------------- This superscript tells the mass number of the isotope

X ←--------- This is the chemical symbol of the element

Z ←-------------- This subscript is the atomic number of isotope

In our case, the notiation for the isotope of silicon is: ²⁸₁₄ Si

So, we have:

28 is the mass number (A)
14 is the atomic number (Z)
Si is the chemical symbol.

Now, you can answer the questions of the part A:

Number of protons: Z = 14

Number of neutrons N:

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

A = Z + N

⇒ N = A - Z = 28 - 14 = 14

In conclusion:

Number of protons, Z = 14
Number of neutrons, N = 14

5 0

3 years ago