We can use a ratio to solve this question. Lets refer to the amount formed by the formula as a serving 1 serving needs 3/8 gal We want to create 7/9 servings extra, so 1 + 7/9 = 16/7 1 : 3/8 16/7 : x 1/(3/8) = (16/7) / x 8 / 3 = 16x / 7 x = 7/6 He needs to use 7/6 gallons of water.