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yarga [219]
3 years ago
12

How much thermal energy is added to 10.0 g of ice at −20.0°C to convert it to water vapor at 120.0°C?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Sonbull [250]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

7479 cal.

31262.2 joules

Explanation:

This is a calorimetry problem where water in its three states changes from ice to vapor.

We must use, the calorimetry formula and the formula for latent heat.

Q = m . C . ΔT

Q = Clat . m

First of all, let's determine the heat for ice, before it melts.

10 g . 0.5 cal/g°C ( 0° - (-20°C) = 100 cal

Now, the ice has melted.

Q = Clat heat of fusion . 10 g

Q = 79.7 cal/g . 10 g → 797 cal

We have water  at 0°, so this water has to receive heat until it becomes vapor. Let's determine that heat.

Q = m . C . ΔT

Q = 10 g . 1 cal/g°C (100°C - 0°C) → 1000 cal

Water is ready now, to become vapor so let's determine the heat.

Q = Clat heat of vaporization . m

Q = 539.4 cal/g . 10 g → 5394 cal

Finally we have vapor water, so let's determine the heat gained when this vapor changes the T° from 100°C to 120°

Q = m . C . ΔT

Q = 10 g . 0.470 cal/g°C . (120°C - 100°C) → 94 cal

Now, we have to sum all the heat that was added in all the process.

100 cal + 797 cal + 1000 cal + 5394 cal + 94 cal =7479 cal.

We can convert this unit to joules, which is more acceptable for energy terms.

1 cal is 4.18 Joules.

Then, 7479 cal are (7479 . 4.18) = 31262.2 joules

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Consider the following reaction at constant P. Use the information here to determine the value of ΔSsurr at 355 K. Predict whet
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The given reaction is as follows:

2NO (g) + O₂ (g) = 2NO₂ (g), ΔH = -114 kJ

It is known that dSsurr = -dHsys / T (Temp = 355 K)

So,  dSsurr = - (-114 × 1000) / 355

dSsurr = +321.12 J/K

Hence, the value of dSsurr is +321.12 J/K

For a reaction to be spontaneous, dG<0,

Also dStotal = dSsys + dSsurr > 0

It is known that dG = dHsys - TdSsys,

Now let us assume,

dG<0

Also, dStotal = dSsys + dSsurr > 0

(-114 × 1000) - (355 × dSsys) <0

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dSsys + dSsurr > 0

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Thus, the assumption is correct, and the given reaction is spontaneous. Hence, the final answer is Ssurr = +321 J/K reaction is spontaneous.



8 0
3 years ago
A sample of a pure compound that weighs 60.3 g contains 20.7 g Sb (antimony) and 39.6 g F (fluorine). What is the percent compos
Volgvan

Answer:

The percent composition of fluorine is 65.67%

Explanation:

Percent Composition is a measure of the amount of mass an element occupies in a compound. It is measured in percentage of mass.

That is, the percentage composition is the percentage by mass of each of the elements present in a compound.

The calculation of the percentage composition of an element is made by:

percent composition element A=\frac{total mass of element A}{mass of compound} *100

In this case, the percent composition of fluorine is:

percent composition of fluorine=\frac{39.6 g}{60.3 g} *100

percent composition of fluorine= 65.67%

<u><em>The percent composition of fluorine is 65.67%</em></u>

4 0
3 years ago
6. An environmental chemist needs a carbonate buffer of pH 10.00 to study the effects of acid rain on limestone-rich soils. To p
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Answer:

[Na₂CO₃] = 0.094M

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ↔ CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

It is possible to find pH using Henderson-Hasselbalch formula:

pH = pka + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]

Where [A⁻] is concentration of conjugate base,  [CO₃²⁻] = [Na₂CO₃] and  [HA] is concentration of weak acid, [NaHCO₃] = 0.20M.

pH is desire pH and pKa (<em>10.00</em>) is -log pka = -log 4.7x10⁻¹¹ = <em>10.33</em>

<em />

Replacing these values:

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<em> [Na₂CO₃] = 0.094M</em>

<em />

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The statements that explains this phenomenon are:
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