1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Andrej [43]
3 years ago
9

The central atom in the chlorite anion, ClO2- is surrounded by: Question 5 options: one bonding and three unshared pairs of elec

trons. two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons. two bonding and one unshared pair of electrons. two double bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons.
Chemistry
1 answer:
PolarNik [594]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

  • <u>two bonding and two unshared pair of electrons.</u>

Explanation:

<em>Chlorite anion, ClO₂⁻ </em>has one atom of chlorine and two atoms of oxygen.

Chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons (group 17 of the periodic table) and oxygen has 6 valence electrons (group 16 of the periodic table).

Thus, in total the anion has 7 + 6×2 electrons, plus an additional electron indicated by the negative charge of the anion: 7 + 12 + 1 = 20 valence electrons, that must be distributed among the three atoms.

Being chlorine the most electronegative atom, you place it in the center. surrounded by the two oxygen atoms.

Thus, so far:

             O Cl  O (pending to place the valence electrons.

You can put two electrons between each chlorine and oxygen atoms to form the bonds:

     O : Cl : O

Also, complete the octets:

 . .      . .    . .

: O  :  Cl :  O :

 . .     . .     . .

That structure works because:

  • there are 20 electrons
  • every atom has 8 valence electrons

But you need to calculate the formal charges on each atom:

For chlorine:

  • 7 valence electrons - 4 nonbonding valence electrons - 4/2 bonding electrons = 7 - 4 - 2 = + 1.

For each oxygen:

  • 6 valence electrons - 6 nonbonding valence electrons - 2/2 bonding electrons = 6 - 6 - 1 = -1

The total charge of the anion is +1 -1 - 1 = -1.

And the complete structure with the charge is:

   . .      . .    . .

[ : O  :  Cl :  O : ] ⁻

   . .      . .     . .

The square bracketts comprise the entire anion and the negative charge is for the entire structure.

In this structure, <em>the central atom (Cl) is surrounded by two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons. </em>(this is the answer to the question).

There is another structure which minimizes the formal charge, which will be preferred. It is by making a double bond between chlorine and one of the oxygen atoms, by moving two of the atoms beside one chlorine.

That structure is:

 . .      . .    . .

: O  :  Cl ::  O

 . .     . .     . .

There you have 20 valence electrons and complete octets too, but the formal charges are:

Chlorine:

  • 7valence electrons - 4 nonbonding electrons - 6/2 bonding electrons = 7 - 4 - 3 = 0

The oxygen on the left is equal to the previous structure, thus - 1 forma charge.

The oxygen on the right:

  • 6 valence electrons - 4 nonbonding electrons - 4/2 bonding electrons = 6 - 4 - 2 = 0

Hence, this las structure minimizes the formal charges and is preferred.

This is:

 . .      . .    . .

: O  :  Cl ::  O

 . .     . .     . .  

But you must add the negative charge which belongs to the complete anion:

      . .      . .     . .

[     : O  :  Cl ::  O  ] ⁻

      . .     . .      . .

The square brackets comprise the entire anion and the negative charge is for it.

Hence, in this other structue the central atom, chlorine, is surrounded by six bonding electrons and four nonbonding electrons.

You might be interested in
What are two factors that affect an objects kinetic energy
Bad White [126]
Potential energy and height; best guess;)
8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Would aluminum be as useful as food wrapping if it had a much lower melting point? Explain your answer.
Salsk061 [2.6K]

The correct answers are as follows:

1. Aluminium will not be useful as food wrapping if it has a much lower melting point.

Aluminum is a metallic element that is malleable and soft, thus, it is easy to beat it into thin sheet, which are used to package food. The thin sheet is called aluminium foil. Aluminum is useful as a food wrapping because it has high temperature and thus, it does not react with food (the hotness of the packaged food is not capable of melting the metal). If the melting point of aluminium is lower, this implies that little temperature, such as the one from hot food will be able to melt aluminum foil, thus allowing the food to be contaminated with the metal.

2. When bleach react with fabric dye chemical change occur in the fabric.

The major element in bleach is chlorine. When laundry bleach is added to a fabric, the chlorine component of the bleach will react with the fabric dye and cause a colour change in the fabric. This type of change is called chemical change, because the original colour of the fabric can not be recovered.

3. Every substance has specific properties, which can be used to identify it. Two of such specific properties are melting point and boiling point. Melting point refers to a specific temperature at which a solid substance will melt while boiling point refers to a specific temperature at which a liquid substance will boil and turn to steam.

Water for instance has a boiling point of 100 degree Celsius. To find out if an unknown substance is water, one can determine the boiling point of such liquid. A boiling point of 100 degree Celsius will strongly signify that the substance is probably water. The same thing applies to melting point. If the specific boiling and melting point of substances are known, then they can be used to identify them.


4 0
3 years ago
Which of the following is a clue that something is pseudoscience?
adelina 88 [10]
D i think if not here’s this a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method
7 0
3 years ago
NEED HELP with 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. And 14 !!
aleksley [76]

Answer:

1.      0.00040 calories

2.   8.57 calories

3.   0.196 calories

4.  68 calories

5. 243 calories

6.  83680 joules

7.  1,054,368 joules

8. 2.45 calories

9. 556 (it says calories to calories so it wouldn't change)

10. 28367.52 joules

11. 59.6 calories

12. 449.6 joules

13.  0.00234 calories

14. 23292.328 joules

15. 22877693.6 joules

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
The ka for hcn is 4.9 ⋅ 10-10. What is the value of kb for cn-?
marusya05 [52]

Answer:

kb = 2,0x10⁻⁵

Explanation:

The ka for HCN is:

HCN ⇄ H⁺ + CN⁻; ka = 4,9x10⁻¹⁰ <em>(1)</em>

The inverse reaction has an equilibrium constant of:

H⁺ + CN⁻ ⇄ HCN k = 1/4,9x10⁻¹⁰ = 2,0x10⁹ <em>(2)</em>

As the equilibrium of the water is:

H₂O ⇄ H⁺ + OH⁻; kw = 1x10⁻¹⁴ <em>(3)</em>

The sum of (2) + (3) gives:

H₂O + CN⁻ ⇄ HCN + OH⁻; kb = kw×k = 1x10⁻¹⁴×2,0x10⁹ =

2,0x10⁻⁶; <em>kb = 2,0x10⁻⁵</em>

<em />

<em>-In fact, the general formula to convert from ka to kb is:</em>

<em>kb = kw / ka-</em>

<em />

I hope it helps!

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A typical aspirin tablet contains 327 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, HC9H7O4. Calculate the pH of a solution that is prepared by di
    9·1 answer
  • 1. To become stable, the following element:
    10·1 answer
  • An atom has 3 protons, two electrons and 1 neutrons. Describe this atom using as many vocabulary words
    9·1 answer
  • Element Q is a theoretical nonmetal with atomic number 59. Consider the isotope: Q-95. How many electrons are in an atom of Q-95
    7·1 answer
  • Draw the structure of cis-4-nonene. Now describe the structure you have drawn:
    15·1 answer
  • A sample of helium has a volume of 325 mL and a pressure of 655 mmHg. What will be the pressure, in mmHg, if the sample of heliu
    11·1 answer
  • For the reaction Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) --&gt; 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)
    13·1 answer
  • Which two smaller groups is the animals kingdom is divided into
    12·1 answer
  • Chemistry help! Thanks to anyone who helps!
    10·1 answer
  • 6.Which of the following is NOT true about the lens?
    7·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!