Answer:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Explanation:
The shape and the bond orientation of molecules and ions are both explained by the valences shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).
Ammonia, 
, is a molecule which contains three N-H bonds, as well as one lone pair on nitrogen. According to the VSEPR theory, molecules try to acquire a shape which would minimize the repulsion exhibited by the electron clouds present, that is, between the bonding (shared in a bond) and non-bonding (lone pair) electrons.
In VSEPR, our main step is to calculate the steric number, this is the sum of the number of bonds (ignoring the multiplicity of any bond) and the lone pairs on a central atom. In ammonia, we have 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, totaling to a steric number of 4. A steric number of 4 without any lone pairs on a central atom and just bonds would yield a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 
.
Now, in this case, since we have a lone pair instead of a bond, it is repelling stronger decreasing the bond angles to about 
.
The greater the number of lone pairs, the lower the angle becomes.
To summarize:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Answer:
As a substance melts, and goes from a solid to a liquid state, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, and the molecules move faster, and they separate further and further away from each other. The intermolecluar forces holding the molecules together become weaker. This is why a liquid can take fill the shape of its container, whereas a solid has a fixed shape.
Explanation:
take your notes man
Whenever any substance goes under chemical change so any of the reaction will happen either both or multiple compounds will combine to produce combination reaction either one compound will decompose itself into 2 or more compounds or elements and last one is replacement reaction the either reaction is not even going to combination nor decomposition, So when a reaction like that happens it must replacement reaction.
Now the question is what's the condition required for it, so basically a chemical reaction when takes place it depends upon several factor on the basis of which we conclude products. The factors are Temperature,catalyst,reagents, either what is the mechanism of reaction, stability of reactants and stability of products and alot more.
During reaction sometimes gas forms and sometimes not yea and well that also depends on the chemical reactivity and stability of product sometimes product found itself most stable releasing the gas evolving so it's been done itself and sometimes we add catalyst and adjust the reaction to extract that gas and get desirable product manually.
I wrote all i know if sorry if this is not what you're looking for :(
Explanation:
The experiment is performed at a constant atmospheric pressure. The experiment proceeds by placing an empty flask in a boiling water bath. As the temperature increases, the air inside the flask expands. Afterwards, the gas is cooled in a water bath by maintaining the amount of the air in the flask constant.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The majority of the reactions happened with a flow of heat. When there's no heat, the reaction is adiabatic.
For no adiabatic reactions, the heat can be released (evolution) by the system, so the reaction will be exothermic, or absorbed by the system (absorption), then the reaction is called endothermic.
