This means that we shouldn't imagine electrons as single objects going around the atom. Instead, all we know is the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. What we end up with is something called an electron cloud. An electron cloud is an area of space in which an electron is likely to be found. It's like a 3-D graph showing the probability of finding the electron at each location in space. Quantum mechanics also tells us that a particle has certain numbers (called quantum numbers) that represent its properties. Just like how materials can be hard or soft, shiny or dull, particles have numbers to describe the properties. These include a particle's orbital quantum numbers, magnetic quantum number, and its spin. No two electrons in an atom can have exactly the same quantum numbers. Orbital quantum numbers tell you what energy level the electron is in. In the Bohr model, this represents how high the orbit is above the nucleus; higher orbits have more energy. The first orbit is n=1, the second is n=2, and so on. The magnetic quantum number is just a number that represents which direction the electron is pointing. The other important quantum mechanical property, called spin, is related to the fact that electrons come in pairs. In each pair, one electron spins one way (with a spin of one half), and the other electron spins the other way (with a spin of negative one half). Two electrons with the same spin cannot exist as a pair. This might seem kind of random, but it has effects in terms of how magnetic material is. Materials that have unpaired electrons are more likely to be magnetic
Gate-control theory
<h3>What is Gate-control theory?</h3>
According to the Gate Control Theory of Pain, the spinal cord has a system that allows pain signals to be amplified in the brain before being processed at the spinal cord itself, or attenuated there.
The mechanism that allows or prevents the passage of pain signals is known as the gate. The gate may be open or it may be closed, one of two possibilities:
- When the gate is open, pain signals can enter and are delivered to the brain, where they are perceived as pain.
- If the gate is closed, pain signals will be prevented from ascending to the brain and won't be felt.
The administration of a non-noxious (soothing or light rubbing) stimulus can help engage the gate control mechanism and alleviate pain in those who are exposed to painful (noxious) stimuli.
Learn more about gate-control theory here:
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Explanation:
a. The velocity of the wind as a vector in component form will be represented as v vector:
b.The velocity of the jet relative to the air as a vector in component form will be represented as u vector
c. The true velocity of the jet as a vector will be represented as w:
d. The true speed of the jet will be calculated as:
e. The direction of the jet will be:
Answer:
19 N
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Pressure (P) = 1.9 kPa
Length (L) = 10 cm
Force (F) =?
Next, we shall convert 1.9 KPa to N/m². This can be obtained as follow:
1 KPa = 1000 N/m²
Therefore,
1.9 KPa = 1.9 KPa × 1000 N/m² / 1 KPa
1.9 KPa = 1900 N/m²
Thus, 1.9 KPa is equivalent to 1900 N/m².
Next, we shall convert 10 cm to m. This can be obtained as follow:
100 cm = 1 m
Therefore,
10 cm = 10 cm × 1 m / 100 cm
10 cm = 0.1 m
Thus, 10 cm is equivalent to 0.1 m
Next, we shall determine the area of the square. This can be obtained as follow:
Length (L) = 0.1 m
Area of square (A) =?
A = L²
A = 0.1²
A = 0.01 m²
Thus, the area of the square is 0.01 m².
Finally, we shall determine the force that must be exerted on the sensor in order for it to turn red. This can be obtained as follow:
Pressure (P) = 1900 N/m²
Area (A) = 0.01 m²
Force (F) =?
P = F/A
1900 = F / 0.01
Cross multiply
F = 1900 × 0.01
F = 19 N
Therefore, a force of 19 N must be exerted on the sensor in order for it to turn red.
