Muttered is the same thing like mumble.
It's like when you are speaking and no one couldn't hear what you said.
So Muttered is when you say something low .
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the law of Malus which describes the change in the Intensity of Light when it crosses a polarized surface.
Mathematically the expression is given as

Where,
= Initial Intensity
I = Final Intensity after pass through the polarizer
= Angle between the polarizer and the light
Since it is sought to reduce the intensity by half the relationship between the two intensities will be given as

Using the Malus Law we have,





Angle with respect to maximum is 
The correct answer should be c.The kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases.
If the temperature drops that means that the molecules are coming together. If the temperature rises then it means that the molecules are spreading. If the kinetic energy falls down that means that they are slower which means that they are cooler.