Answer:
Explanation:
Spectator ions are ions in a solution/reaction that do not take part in a chemical reaction (hence are called "spectator" ions). <u>They can be identified when they are found both in the reactant and product sides</u>.
The reaction between lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO₃)₂ and sodium chloride, NaCl is illustrated below
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaCl ⇒ PbCl₂ + 2NaNO₃
According to solubility rules, all the compounds above (with the exception of PbCl₂) are all soluble and would dissociate when involved in a reaction.
Hence, the ionic equation based on the description above will be
Pb²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + 2Na⁺ + 2Cl⁻ ⇒ PbCl₂ + 2Na⁺ + 2NO₃⁻
From the above ionic equation, <u>it can be noted that both 2NO₃⁻ and 2Na⁺ are found on both the reactant and product side and are hence the spectator ions.</u>
Self-condensation is a natural response in which a synthetic compound containing a carbonyl gathering acts both as the electrophile and the nucleophile in an aldol condensation. A condensation response in which two of a similar atom are consolidated. This aldol condensation is a self-condensation response since two particles of CH3)2CO consolidate to frame the item. This blended Claisen buildup is not a self-condensation response in light of the fact that the two ester reactants are not indistinguishable.
Answer:
The sublimation energy
Explanation:
When an ionic solid turns into a gas it is changing from solid state to gas state without going throught liquid state. This process is called sublimation and the energy will be equal to
The relationship between n and the total number of orbitals in a main energy level is n^2.
According to the wave mechanical model, the orbital is a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron. In every energy level, a number of orbitals are possible.
The number of possible orbitals in an energy level is given by n^2. For instance, for the energy level, n=2, the total number of possible orbitals is (2)^2 or 4 orbitals.
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Half-life of a radioactive substance is the time required to reduce the amount of substance to half of its initial amount.
In present case, half-life is material is given as 1000 years and initial amount of material is given as 400 kg
Answer 1) Since, half-life of radio-active substance is 1000 years, therefore after 1st half life, amount of the material will be left to half the initial amount. Hence, amount of substance left after 1000 years = 400/2 = 200 kg.
Answer 2) For 2000 years, radioactive material has crossed 2 times the half life. Therefore , amount of the material will be left to 1/4 the initial amount. Hence, amount of substance left after 2000 years = 400/4 = 100 kg.
Answer 3) For 4000 years, radioactive material has crossed 4 times the half life. Therefore , amount of the material will be left to 1/16 the initial amount. Hence, amount of substance left after 4000 years = 400/16 = 25 kg.