Explanation:
Only few supernova are observed in our galaxy -
Type II supernovae ( i.e. the explosions of the massive stars ) occurred in the Milky Way, and they might be hidden by the intervening dust if they are located in the more distant parts of our Galaxy .
Type Ia supernovae , which need a white dwarf star in the binary star system , are brighter than the type II supernovae , but some of them could also happen in the older parts of Galaxy which are hidden due to the buildup of the dust and gas .
That would be true because a solid object can cast a shadow
Explanation:
direction of electric field is same as that of force experienced by the test charge
The elastic potential energy of a spring is given by

where k is the spring's constant and x is the displacement with respect to the relaxed position of the spring.
The work done by the spring is the negative of the potential energy difference between the final and initial condition of the spring:

In our problem, initially the spring is uncompressed, so

. Therefore, the work done by the spring when it is compressed until

is

And this value is actually negative, because the box is responsible for the spring's compression, so the work is done by the box.
multiply grav pull by mass of astro maybe with a calculator