A pipe of 10 cm inner diameter is used to send crude oil over distance of 400 meters. The entire pipe was laid horizontal. The v
iscosity of the oil is 10 cp. The density of oil is 800 kg/m3 . a. (20 pts) The desired volumetric flow rate is 0.1 m3 /min. What is the Reynolds number of this flow? Is the flow laminar or turbulent? What is the pressure difference needed to generate this flow rate? b. (15 pts) Three month later, the operator found that they had to triple the pressure difference to maintain the flow rate at 0.1 m3 /min. The operator thought that wax deposition from the oil had reduced the inner diameter of the tube. Based on this assumption, can you estimate the reduced inner diameter of the tube? What is the Reynolds number of the flow?
1 answer:
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Looking at Reynolds number, we can go ahead and describe the Reynolds number as a dimensionless value that is used to determine whether the fluid is exhibiting laminar flow (R less than 2300) or turbulent flow (R greater than 4000). Laminar flow is when a fluid moves smoothly and is predictable.
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The omitted part of the question shown in bold format
The lead of the threaded shaft of the C-clamp is 0.05 in., and the mean radius of the thread is r = 0.15 in. Assume μs = 0.18 and μk = 0.16. What couple must be applied to the shaft to exert a 30-lb force on the clamped object?
Answer:
C = 0.967 in. lb
Explanation:
Given that:
The lead of the threaded shaft of the C-clamp is 0.05 in.
∴ the pitch of the screw = 0.05 in
the mean radius of the thread is r = 0.15 in.
Assuming:
(μs)= 0.18 which implies the coefficient of the static friction
(μk) = 0.16 (coefficient of kinetic friction)
Force = 30-lb
What couple must be applied to the shaft to exert a 30-lb force on the clamped object?
To determine the Couple (C) that must be applied; we use the expression:
C = Fr tan ( +
)
where; F = force
r = mean radius
= angle of kinetic friction
= pitch angle
NOW, let's take then one after the other.
From the coefficient of the static friction and the kinetic friction; we can solve for their respective angles, so we have:
Angle of static friction ()
() =
() = 10.204°
Angle of kinetic friction ()
= 9.0903°
To determine the pitch angle(); we apply the expression:
() =
() =
() =
() = 3.0368°
Have gotten our parameters to solve for Couple (C); then we have:
C = Fr tan ( +
)
substituting our values; we have:
C = (30 × 0.15) tan ( 9.0903 + 3.0368)
C = 4.5 × tan ( 12.1271)
C = 4.5 × 0.2148761968
C = 0.96669428854 in.lb
C = 0.967 in. lb
Therefore, 0.967 in. lb couple must be applied to the shaft to exert a 30-lb force on the clamped object.