There is a lot of water on earth. If oxygen was very soluble in water, the oceans would absorb and hold the oxygen of the atmosphere and there would be none left for plants and animals.
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<u>Answer:</u> The tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal
<u>Explanation:</u>
The equation used to calculate rate constant from given half life for first order kinetics:

where,
= half life of the reaction = 5715 years
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Rate law expression for first order kinetics is given by the equation:
![k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A_o]}{[A]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=k%3D%5Cfrac%7B2.303%7D%7Bt%7D%5Clog%5Cfrac%7B%5BA_o%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%7D)
where,
k = rate constant = 
t = time taken for decay process = ? yr
= initial amount of the sample = 100 grams
[A] = amount left after decay process = 13 grams
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Hence, the tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal
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The charge of a Rb ion would be +1
Closed system. If the system is not closed, matter or energy can escape from the system. an example of this is if you react magnesium and hydrochloric acid in a open system. The H₂ gas is going to escape making it look like some of the mass disappeared . in that same reaction some in an open system will also loose heat to the surrounding which will make it look like less heat was produced.