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seraphim [82]
3 years ago
15

E. The element 231/90Th decays to 231/91 Pa. Use the laws of conservation of charge and nucleon number to determine the decay pa

rticle emitted. Explain your reasoning.
Chemistry
1 answer:
svetoff [14.1K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

A negatron emission

Explanation:

We know that radioactivity orginates from instability of the nucleus. When the nucleus is unstable, radioactive emissions are produced in the form of any of these rays:

> Alpha particle emisson

>Beta particles

> Gamma rays

These emissions create a balance for a radioactive decay.

In balancing nuclear reactions we make sure that the charges on both sides must be conserved and that the mass number and atomic numbers conserved too. This means that the sum of mass number and atomic numbers on both side of the reaction must be equal.

The nucleons are the protons and neutrons, they add up to give the mass number. The atomic number is the proton number.

For the given radioactive reaction:

²³¹₉₀Th → ²³¹₉₁Pa + ?

From this equation, we see that the mass number is conserved but the atomic number is not.

The mass number is the superscript whereas the atomic number is the subscript.

Let's say the decay produces an emission of a particle denoted by X

²³¹₉₀Th → ²³¹₉₁Pa + ᵃₙX

What would the nature of X be?

For the charges and masses to be conserved, X must have mass number of 0 and an atomic number of -1.

Checking:

Mass number:

231 = 231 + a ( a is the mass number)

a = 231 - 231 = 0

Atomic number:

90 = 91 + n

n = 90- 91 = - 1

With X having a mass number of 0 and an atomic number of -1, we have a beta particle emission. Specifically, a negatron has been emitted.

A negatron is denoted as ⁰₋₁β which perfectly makes the equation conserved and suits the description of X.

The complete equation is thus written as:

²³¹₉₀Th → ²³¹₉₁Pa + ⁰₋₁β + energy

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A 7.0 g sample of a hydrocarbon (a molecule that has only hydrogen and carbon) is subject to combustion analysis. The mass of CO
Akimi4 [234]

Answer: The empirical formula for the given compound is CH_2

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the combustion of compound having carbon and hydrogen follows:

C_xH_y+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O

where, 'x' and 'y' are the subscripts of carbon and hydrogen respectively.

We are given:

Mass of CO_2=22.0g

We know that:

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

For calculating the mass of carbon:

In 44 g of carbon dioxide, 12 g of carbon is contained.

So, in 22.0 g of carbon dioxide, \frac{12}{44}\times 22.0=6g of carbon will be contained.

For calculating the mass of hydrogen:

Mass of hydrogen = Mass of sample - Mass of carbon

Mass of hydrogen = 7.0 g - 6 g

Mass of hydrogen = 1.0 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon =\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{6g}{12g/mole}=0.5moles

Moles of Hydrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{1.0g}{1g/mole}=1.0moles

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 0.5 moles.

For Carbon = \frac{0.5}{0.5}=1

For Hydrogen  = \frac{1.0}{0.5}=2

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of Fe : C : H = 1 : 2

Hence, the empirical formula for the given compound is C_{1}H_{2}=CH_2

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3 years ago
A 25.0 ml sample of 0.150 m hydrazoic acid is titrated with a 0.150 m naoh solution. what is the ph after 15.0 ml of the sodium
babunello [35]
First, we need to calculate moles of hydrazoic acid NH3:

moles NH3 = molarity * volume 

                    = 0.15 m * 0.025 L

                   =  0.00375 moles

moles NaOH = molarity * volume 

                       = 0.15 m * 0.015 L

                       = 0.00225 moles 

after that we shoul get the total volume = 0.025L + 0.015L

                                                                   = 0.04 L

So we can get the concentration of NH3 & NaOH by:

∴[NH3] = moles NH3 / total volume 

           = 0.00375 moles / 0.04 L

           = 0.09375 M

∴[NaOH] = moles NaOH / total volume 

                = 0.00225 moles / 0.04 L

                = 0.05625 M

then, when we have the value of Ka of NH3 so we can get the Pka value from:

Pka = -㏒Ka 

       = - ㏒ 1.9 x10^-5

      = 4.7 

finally, by using H-H equation we can get PH:

PH = Pka + ㏒[salt/ basic]

PH = 4.7 +㏒[0.05625/0.09375]

∴ PH = 4.48 


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