A shaft machined of AISI 1022 steel having σuts = 70 ksi and σy = 52 ksi is loaded cyclically. The loading is characterized by t
he maximum bending moment Mmax = 1,500 lb-ft and minimum bending moment Mmin = 500 lb-ft at room temperature. Determine the diameter of the shaft, d [in], assuming the safety factor SF = 2 against both alternating and mean load components increasing in service with a constant ratio. The shaft has no any steps in its geometry.
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Answer:
The net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20-min ride to school is 139.164 BTU.
Explanation:
From Heat Transfer we determine that heat transfer rate due to electromagnetic radiation (), measured in BTU per hour, is represented by this formula:
(1)
Where:
- Emissivity, dimensionless.
- Surface area of the student, measured in square feet.
- Stefan-Boltzmann constant, measured in BTU per hour-square feet-quartic Rankine.
- Temperature of the student, measured in Rankine.
- Temperature of the bus, measured in Rankine.
If we know that ,
,
,
and
, then the heat transfer rate due to electromagnetic radiation is:
Under the consideration of steady heat transfer we find that the net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20 min-ride to school is:
(2)
Where is the heat transfer time, measured in hours.
If we know that and
, then the net energy transfer is:
The net energy transfer from the student's body during the 20-min ride to school is 139.164 BTU.