Since the law of gravitation is an inverse square law if you
quadruple the radius the f will drop by a factor of 16 SO the object would
weigh 200/16 = 12.5N
In other words, as the distance, or radius, quadruples the
weight becomes 1/16 of the original weight. Just plug in 4 for r and when you
square it you get 16. The numerator is 1 so that is how the weight becomes
1/16.
200 newton meters is put over the distance of 20 meters, then over the distance of 10 meters 100 newton-meters must be put (simple fraction over 2).
At the same distance of 10 meters but during lifting you need to put 150 newton-meters (which means 50Nm more than during horizontal movement).
According to that you can say that the machine's advantage is horizontal movement because it does smaller work than during lifting objects. That means it consumes then less energy and then it costs less.
The correct answer is - federal government system.
Even though all of the countries in the European Union are separate countries and they all have their own governments, still the European Union has authority over them. The European Union has its own parliament, and one of the main conditions for every country member is that it obliges to respect and implement the decisions of this parliament, thus losing little of their sovereignty in the process. This is pretty much the same principle used in the federal government systems, where all states have their own leaders and have big authority in their own borders, but also have to obey the commands and decisions of the central government.