Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
O2 is the limiting reactant
We can write the balanced equation for the synthesis reaction as
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
We use the molar masses of hydrogen chloride gas HCl and hydrogen gas H2 to calculate for the mass of hydrogen gas H2 needed:
mass of H2 = 146.4 g HCl *(1 mol HCl / 36.46 g HCl) * (1 mol H2 / 2 mol HCl) *
(2.02 g H2 / 1 mol H2)
= 4.056 g H2
We also use the molar masses of hydrogen chloride gas HCl and chlorine gas CL2 to calculate for the mass of hydrogen gas H2:
mass of CL2 = 146.4 g HCl *(1 mol HCl / 36.46 g HCl) * (1 mol Cl2 / 2 mol HCl) *
(70.91 g Cl2 / 1 mol Cl2)
= 142.4 g Cl2
Therefore, we need 4.056 grams of hydrogen gas and 142.4 grams of chlorine gas to produce 146.4 grams of hydrogen chloride gas.
Answer:
30 kJ
Explanation:
Arrhenius equation is given by:

Here, k is rate constant, A is Pre-exponential factor, Ea is activation energy and T is temperature.
taking natural log of both side
ln k = ln A - Ea/RT
In Arrhenius equation, A, R and T are constant.
Therefore,

is the lowering in activation energy by enzyme,
R = 8.314 J/mol.K
T = 37°C + 273.15 = 310 K

