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Softa [21]
3 years ago
7

For the net reaction: 2AB + 2C → A2 + 2BC, the following slow first steps have been proposed. AB → A + B 2C + AB → AC + BC 2AB →

A2 + 2B C + AB → BC + A
Chemistry
1 answer:
puteri [66]3 years ago
7 0

This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

For the net reaction: 2AB + 2C → A2 + 2BC, the following slow first steps have been proposed.

(1) AB → A + B

(2) 2C + AB → AC + BC

(3) 2AB → A₂ + 2B

(4) C + AB → BC + A

What rate law is predicted by each of these steps?

Answer : The rate law expression for the following reactions are:

(1) \text{Rate}=k[AB]

(2) \text{Rate}=k[C]^2[AB]

(3) \text{Rate}=k[AB]^2

(4) \text{Rate}=k[C][AB]

Explanation :

Rate law : It is defined as the expression which expresses the rate of the reaction in terms of molar concentration of the reactants with each term raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient of that reactant in the balanced chemical equation.

The general reaction is:

A+B\rightarrow C+D

The general rate law expression for the reaction is:

\text{Rate}=k[A]^a[B]^b

where,

a = order with respect to A

b = order with respect to B

R = rate  law

k = rate constant

[A] and [B] = concentration of A and B reactant

Now we have to determine the rate law for the given reaction.

(1) The balanced equations will be:

AB\rightarrow A+B

In this reaction, AB is the reactant.

The rate law expression for the reaction is:

\text{Rate}=k[AB]

(2) The balanced equations will be:

2C+AB\rightarrow AC+BC

In this reaction, C and AB are the reactants.

The rate law expression for the reaction is:

\text{Rate}=k[C]^2[AB]

(3) The balanced equations will be:

2AB\rightarrow A_2+2B

In this reaction, AB is the reactant.

The rate law expression for the reaction is:

\text{Rate}=k[AB]^2

(4) The balanced equations will be:

C+AB\rightarrow BC+A

In this reaction, C and AB are the reactants.

The rate law expression for the reaction is:

\text{Rate}=k[C][AB]

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Answer:

The three elements Erbium, Thallium and Osmium have incorrect quantum numbers for the last electron placed.

Explanation:

The 4 quantum numbers are (<em>n,l,ml,ms</em>):

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  • <em>ml</em> (Magnetic quantum number):  it represents the <u>spatial orientation</u> of the electron <u>in respect of the sublevel the electron</u> is placed. For example: if the electron occupies the <em>s sublevel</em> the magnetic number will be <em>0</em>, if the electron occupies the <em>p sublevel</em> the magnetic number could be <em>-1,0,1</em>, if the electron occupies the <em>d sublevel</em> the magnetic number could be <em>-2,-1,0,1,2</em> and if the electron occupies the <em>f sublevel</em> the magnetic number could be <em>-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3</em>. You can see this in the attachment related to the correct sublevel for the example.
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Let's analyze the last electron of each element. You can see the attachment for better understanding. The last electron it is represented with orange color.

- Erbium:

This element has 68 electrons so following the Moeller's Diagram to fill the the electronic configuration, we found that the last electron of Erbium it is in the <u>4th level </u>(shell), in the <u>f sublevel</u>. As Erbium has 12 electrons in the f sublevel, it is necessary to follow the Hund's rule (electrons must be placed singly in every sublevel before place a parallel electron) to placed correctly all of them. Finally, the last electron of Erbium stays in the middle of the sublevel and it is represented by a down arrow so the correct quantum numbers in the Erbium element are (4,3,1,-1/2).

- Thallium:

This element has 81 electrons and following the Moeller's Diagram, we found that it last electron it is in the <u>6th level</u>, in the <u>p sublevel</u>. As Thallium has 1 electron in the p sublevel, it is placed singly in the sublevel. So the last electron of Thallium it is represented by an up arrow so the correct quantum numbers in the Thallium element are (6,1,-1,1/2).

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Osmium has 76 electrons and following the steps  that we did with we the other elements, we noticed that its last electron it is in the <u>5th level</u>, in the <u>d sublevel</u>. Following the Hund's rule the last electron of Osmium has a magnetic quantum number of -2 and its spin quantum number is -1/2, so the quantum numbers in the Osmium element are (5,2,-2,-1/2).

<u>Note:</u>

- Remember that the <em>s sublevel</em> has place for 2 electrons, the <u>p sublevel</u> has place for 6 electrons, the <u>d sublevel</u> has place for 10 electrons and the<em> f sublevel</em> has place for 14 electrons.

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