On Earth, the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s² downward.
So any object with only gravity acting on it gains 9.8 m/s of
downward speed every second.
If the rock starts out moving upward at 10 m/s, then it will
continue upward for only (10/9.8) = 1.02 second, before
it stops rising and starts falling.
Its average speed during that time is (1/2) (10 + 0) = 5 m/s .
At an average speed of 5 m/s for 1.02 sec,
the rock rises
(5 m/s) x (1.02 sec) = 5.102 meters .
Newton's first law of motion says something like "An object remains
in constant, uniform motion until acted on by an external force".
Constant uniform motion means no change in speed or direction.
If an object changes from rest to motion, that's definitely a change
of speed. So it doesn't remain in the state of constant uniform
motion (none) that it had when it was at rest, and that tells us
that an external force must have acted on it.
PE= 3kg x 10N/kg x 10m
= 300J