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3 years ago

Explain the effect of heat transfer, reversibilities and irreversibilities on changes in entropy

Engineering

1 answer:

Natali5045456 [20]3 years ago

5 0

Answer is given below

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that in the reversible process, the entropy of the universe is constant, while in the unchanging process, such as the transfer of heat from a hot object to a cold object, the reflection of the universe increases.

ΔS = ΔQ ÷ T

The irreversible process increases the entropy of the universe. Since entropy is a state function, the change in entropy of the system is the same, the process is reversible or irreversible. The second law of thermodynamics can be used to determine whether a process is reversible.

for an irreversible process, ΔS is not same as reversible process, because more than 1 reversible process is required for 2 ΔS to be equal.

if the initial and final states are the same, ΔS for an irreversible process can be calculated as if it were a reversible process.

If the initial and final condition is same then ΔS can find out for irreversible process even if it were reversible process

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Steam enters a turbine at 8000 kPa, 440oC. At the exit, the pressure and quality are 150 kPa and 0.19, respectively.

levacccp [35]

Answer:

$\dot W_{out} = 3863.98\,kW$

Explanation:

The turbine at steady-state is modelled after the First Law of Thermodynamics:

$-\dot Q_{out} -\dot W_{out} + \dot m \cdot (h_{in}-h_{out}) = 0$

The specific enthalpies at inlet and outlet are, respectively:

Inlet (Superheated Steam)

$h_{in} = 3353.1\,\frac{kJ}{kg}$

Outlet (Liquid-Vapor Mixture)

$h_{out} = 890.1\,\frac{kJ}{kg}$

The power produced by the turbine is:

$\dot W_{out}=-\dot Q_{out} + \dot m \cdot (h_{in}-h_{out})$

$\dot W_{out} = -2.93\,kW + (1.57\,\frac{kg}{s} )\cdot (3353.1\,\frac{kJ}{kg} - 890.1\,\frac{kJ}{kg} )$

$\dot W_{out} = 3863.98\,kW$

8 0

3 years ago

(3) Calculate the heat flux through a sheet of brass 7.5 mm (0.30 in.) thick if the temperatures at the two faces are 150°Cand 5

bezimeni [28]

Answer:

a.) 1.453MW/m2, b.) 2,477,933.33 BTU/hr c.) 22,733.33 BTU/hr d.) 1,238,966.67 BTU/hr

Explanation:

Heat flux is the rate at which thermal (heat) energy is transferred per unit surface area. It is measured in W/m2

Heat transfer(loss or gain) is unit of energy per unit time. It is measured in W or BTU/hr

1W = 3.41 BTU/hr

Given parameters:

thickness, t = 7.5mm = 7.5/1000 = 0.0075m

Temperatures 150 C = 150 + 273 = 423 K

50 C = 50 + 273 = 323 K

Temperature difference, T = 423 - 323 = 100 K

We are assuming steady heat flow;

a.) Heat flux, Q" = kT/t

K= thermal conductivity of the material

The thermal conductivity of brass, k = 109.0 W/m.K

Heat flux, $Q" = \frac{109 * 100}{0.0075} = 1,453,333.33 W/m^{2} \\ Heat flux, Q" = 1.453MW/m^{2} \\$

b.) Area of sheet, A = 0.5m2

Heat loss, Q = kAT/t

Heat loss, $Q = \frac{109*0.5*100}{0.0075} = 726,666.667W$

Heat loss, Q = 726,666.667 * 3.41 = 2,477,933.33 BTU/hr

c.) Material is now given as soda lime glass.

Thermal conductivity of soda lime glass, k is approximately 1W/m.K

Heat loss, $Q=\frac{1*0.5*100}{0.0075} = 6,666.67W$

Heat loss, Q = 6,666.67 * 3.41 = 22,733.33 BTU/hr

d.) Thickness, t is given as 15mm = 15/1000 = 0.015m

Heat loss, $Q=\frac{109*0.5*100}{0.015} =363,333.33W$

Heat loss, Q = 363,333.33 * 3.41 = 1,238,966.67 BTU/hr

5 0

2 years ago

Technician A says it will save you money if you get a high interest rate from a bank on the loan. Technician B says it is always

zubka84 [21]

Is there a other option

5 0

3 years ago

What is JIT and why would you advocate it to reduce inventory?

bazaltina [42]

Explanation:

Just in time inventory is a system of managing inventory. It is a method to reduce waste, lower cost and increase profit. According to it the raw material orders are directly aligned with the production schedules. In simple words every component of a unit is arriving just in time to be used.

So JIT would be advocated to reduce inventory.

7 0

2 years ago

Most ceilings are covered with plaster or…

Monica [59]

Explanation:

Most ceilings are coverd with plaster or board.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers