Answer:
protons (+ charge) & neutrons (neutral charge)
however protons has a positive charge so it determined what atom it is.
To develop this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to Gravitational Potential Energy.
Gravitational potential energy can be defined as

As M=m, then

Where,
m = Mass
G =Gravitational Universal Constant
R = Distance /Radius
PART A) As half its initial value is u'=2u, then



Therefore replacing we have that,

Re-arrange to find v,



Therefore the velocity when the separation has decreased to one-half its initial value is 816m/s
PART B) With a final separation distance of 2r, we have that

Therefore




Therefore the velocity when they are about to collide is 
Answer:
center of mass of the two masses will lie at x = 2.52 cm
center of gravity of the two masses will lie at x = 2.52 cm
So center of mass is same as center of gravity because value of gravity is constant here
Explanation:
Position of centre of mass is given as

here we have




now we have



so center of mass of the two masses will lie at x = 2.52 cm
now for center of gravity we can use

here we have




now we have



So center of mass is same as center of gravity because value of gravity is constant here
Answer:
b) directional
Explanation:
The prediction that alcohol slows reaction time is Directional . This is because for alcohol to be known as one which slows reaction time means there have been various hypothesis conducted which supports this.
In this case, formulation of a null hypothesis is usually necessary which means that alcohol does not slow reaction time and another alternative hypothesis that suggests that alcohol slows reaction time.