Answer:
b. Extraction with a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, separating the layers, followed by drying and evaporating the organic layer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ether solution contains your product, benzaldehyde, and some starting material, benzoic acid, the purification steps are:
- Extract with a solution of NaHCO₃. The ether layer contains benzaldehyde, and the aqueous layer contains sodium benzoate.
- Separate the layers. Keep the ether layer.
- Dry the ether solution.
- Distill the ether (boiling point 35 °C) and purify the benzaldehyde (178 °C) by steam distillation.
a. is wrong. Extraction with HCl will not remove much of the benzoic acid.
c. is wrong. If you evaporate the organic layer, you will have a mixture of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.
d. is wrong. If you work with the aqueous layer, you will end up with benzoic acid,
Answer:
Halogens
Explanation:
From the given choices, the halogens will have the smallest radius within the same period.
The size of an atom is estimated by the atomic radius. This is taken as half of the inter-nuclear distance between two covalently bonded atoms of non-metallic elements or half of the distance between two nuclei in the solid state.
- Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii decrease progressively from left to right.
- Down a group from top to bottom, atomic radii increase progressively due to the addition of successive shells.
Since halogen is the right most group from the choices given, it will have the smallest radius.
Here are the resonance contributors I found.
