2. When an unbalanced force acts upon it
Think of a glass of milk resting on a table. The glass weighs a certain amount more due to the load it carries. It would be unaffected until and unbalanced force (such as a hand) carelessly knocks it over spilling the contents.
Hope this helps :)
Only velocity uses direction of travel in its calculations.
Answer:

Explanation:
M = Mass of Earth
G = Gravitational constant
R = Radius of Earth
The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is

On new planet

Dividing the two equations we get

The acceleration due to gravity on the other planet is 