Answer:
D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
Explanation:
When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
C. Lack of mates. If they cannot reproduce enough, their size will reduce.
Explanation:
It is given that,
A planet were discovered between the sun and Mercury, with a circular orbit of radius equal to 2/3 of the average orbit radius of Mercury.
Mass of the Sun, 
Radius of Mercury's orbit, 
Radius of discovered planet, 

Let T is the orbital period of such a planet. Using Kepler's third law of planetary motion as :




T = 4135214.625 s
or
T = 47.86 days
So, the orbital period of such a planet is 47.86 days. Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
C. Pulmonary endurance
Explanation:
I'm pretty sure it's "C" because cardiovascular and pulmonary endurance are the same thing and usually you'd hear cardiovascular more than pulmonary.
Sorry if I'm wrong!