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astra-53 [7]
3 years ago
5

Calculate the unit cell edge length for an 80 wt% Ag−20 wt% Pd alloy. All of the palladium is in solid solution, the crystal str

ucture for this alloy is FCC, and the room-temperature density of Pd is 12.02 g/cm3.
Engineering
1 answer:
alisha [4.7K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

λ^3 = 4.37

Explanation:

first let us to calculate the average density of the alloy

for simplicity of calculation assume a 100g alloy

80g --> Ag

20g --> Pd

ρ_avg= 100/(20/ρ_Pd+80/ρ_avg)

         = 100*10^-3/(20/11.9*10^6+80/10.44*10^6)

         = 10744.62 kg/m^3

now Ag forms FCC and Pd is the impurity in one unit cell there is 4 atoms of Ag since Pd is the impurity we can not how many atom of Pd in one unit cell let us calculate

total no of unit cell in 100g of allow = 80 g/4*107.87*1.66*10^-27

                                                          = 1.12*10^23 unit cells

mass of Pd in 1 unit cell = 20/1.12*10^23

Now,

                      ρ_avg= mass of unit cell/volume of unit cell

                      ρ_avg= (4*107.87*1.66*10^-27+20/1.12*10^23)/λ^3

                          λ^3 = 4.37

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Nec Article 430 covers selection of time-delay fuses for motor- overload protection.

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Air at 293k and 1atm flow over a flat plate at 5m/s. The plate is 5m wide and 6m long. (a) Determine the boundary layer thicknes
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Answer:

a). 8.67 x 10^{-3} m

b).0.3011 m

c).0.0719 m

d).0.2137 N

e).1.792 N

Explanation:

Given :

Temperature of air, T = 293 K

Air Velocity, U = 5 m/s

Length of the plate is L  = 6 m

Width of the plate is b = 5 m

Therefore Dynamic viscosity of air at temperature 293 K is, μ = 1.822 X 10^{-5} Pa-s

We know density of air is ρ = 1.21 kg /m^{3}

Now we can find the Reyonld no at x = 1 m from the leading edge

Re = \frac{\rho .U.x}{\mu }

Re = \frac{1.21 \times 5\times 1}{1.822\times 10^{-5} }

Re = 332052.6

Therefore the flow is laminar.

Hence boundary layer thickness is

δ = \frac{5.x}{\sqrt{Re}}

   = \frac{5\times 1}{\sqrt{332052.6}}

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a). Boundary layer thickness at x = 1 is δ = 8.67 X 10^{-3} m

b). Given Re = 100000

    Therefore the critical distance from the leading edge can be found by,

     Re = \frac{\rho .U.x}{\mu }

     100000 = \frac{1.21\times5\times x}{1.822 \times10^{-5}}

     x = 0.3011 m

c). Given x = 3 m from the leading edge

    The Reyonld no at x = 3 m from the leading edge

     Re = \frac{\rho .U.x}{\mu }

     Re = \frac{1.21 \times 5\times 3}{1.822\times 10^{-5} }

     Re = 996158.06

Therefore the flow is turbulent.

Therefore for a turbulent flow, boundary layer thickness is

    δ = \frac{0.38\times x}{Re^{\frac{1}{5}}}

       = \frac{0.38\times 3}{996158.06^{\frac{1}{5}}}

       = 0.0719 m

d). Distance from the leading edge upto which the flow will be laminar,

  Re = \frac{\rho \times U\times x}{\mu }

5 X 10^{5} = \frac{1.21 \times 5\times x}{1.822\times 10^{-5}}}

 x = 1.505 m

We know that the force acting on the plate is

F_{D} = \frac{1}{2}\times C_{D}\times \rho \times A\times U^{2}

and C_{D} at x= 1.505 for a laminar flow is = \frac{1.328}{\sqrt{Re}}

                                                                         = \frac{1.328}{\sqrt{5\times10 ^{5}}}

                                                                       = 1.878 x 10^{-3}

Therefore, F_{D} =  \frac{1}{2}\times C_{D}\times \rho \times A\times U^{2}

                                          = \frac{1}{2}\times 1.878\times 10^{-3}\times 1.21\times (5\times 1.505)\times 5^{2}

                                         = 0.2137 N

e). The flow is turbulent at the end of the plate.

  Re = \frac{\rho \times U\times x}{\mu }

       = \frac{1.21 \times 5\times 6}{1.822\times 10^{-5} }

       = 1992316

Therefore C_{D} = \frac{0.072}{Re^{\frac{1}{5}}}

                                           = \frac{0.072}{1992316^{\frac{1}{5}}}

                                           = 3.95 x 10^{-3}

Therefore F_{D} = \frac{1}{2}\times C_{D}\times \rho\times A\times U^{2}

                                           = \frac{1}{2}\times 3.95\times 10^{-3}\times 1.21\times (5\times 6)\times 5^{2}

                                          = 1.792 N

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Now by continuity equation we have

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Applying the values in the Bernoulli's equation we get

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