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Viktor [21]
3 years ago
5

(a) The first step in ozone formation in the upper atmosphere occurs when oxygen molecules absorb UV radiation of wavelengths ≤

242 nm. Calculate the frequency and energy of the least energetic of these photons. (b) Ozone absorbs light having wavelengths of 2200 to 2900 Å, thus protecting organisms on Earth’s surface from this high-energy UV radiation. What are the frequency and energy of the most energetic of these photons?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Tpy6a [65]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

a) f = (1.24 × 10^15) Hz and E = (8.214 × 10^-19) J

b) f = (1.36 × 10^15) Hz; E = (9.035 × 10^-19) J

Explanation:

a) The least energetic photons have the highest wavelength. That is, the wavelength of the least energetic photons is equal to the upperlimit of the wavelength inequality given.

λ = 242nm = 2.42 × 10⁻7 m

v = fλ; f = v/λ; v = 3×10^8 m/s

f = (3×10^8)/(2.42×10^-7)

f = (1.24 × 10^15) Hz

E = hf; h = planck's constant = (6.62607004 × 10^-34) Js

E = 6.626 × 10^-34 × 1.24 × 10^15

E = (8.214 × 10^-19) J

b) The photons with the least wavelength in the range provided are the most energetic ones.

λ = (2200 × 10^-10) m = (2.2 × 10^-7) m

v = fλ; f = v/λ; v = 3×10^8 m/s

f = (3×10^8)/(2.2×10^-7)

f = (1.36 × 10^15) Hz

E = hf; h = planck's constant = (6.62607004 × 10^-34) Js

E = 6.626 × 10^-34 × 1.36 × 10^15

E = (9.035 × 10^-19) J

QED!

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Molecules that possess the characteristics of hydrogen bonding have a higher boiling point. In the given question, only HF undergo hydrogen bond due to the electronegative effect of the fluorine element.

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The given statement is True, because

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The activation barrier for the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose is 108 kJ/mol. Part A If an enzyme increases the
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Answer:

The barrier has to be 34.23 kJ/mol lower when the sucrose is in the active site of the enzyme

Explanation:

From the given information:

The activation barrier for the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose is 108 kJ/mol.

In this  same concentration for the glucose and fructose; the reaction rate can be calculated by the rate factor which can be illustrated from the Arrhenius equation;

Rate factor in the absence of catalyst:

k_1= A*e^{^{^{ \dfrac {- Ea_1}{RT}}

Rate factor in the presence of catalyst:

k_2= A*e^{^{^{ \dfrac {- Ea_2}{RT}}

Assuming the catalyzed reaction and the uncatalyzed reaction are  taking place at the same temperature :

Then;

the ratio of the rate factors can be expressed as:

\dfrac{k_2}{k_1}={  \dfrac {e^{ \dfrac {- Ea_2}{RT} }} { e^{ \dfrac {- Ea_1}{RT} }}

\dfrac{k_2}{k_1}={  \dfrac {e^{[  Ea_1 - Ea_2 ] }}{RT} }}

Thus;

Ea_1-Ea_2 = RT In \dfrac{k_2}{k_1}

Let say the assumed temperature = 25° C

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Ea_1-Ea_2 = 8.314 \  J/mol/K * 298 \ K *  In (10^6)

Ea_1-Ea_2 = 34228.92 \ J/mol

\mathbf{Ea_1-Ea_2 = 34.23 \ kJ/mol}

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