pushing on something that pushes back = action and reaction.
Gravity is non contact. Action at a distance. Hence stones wil fall if dropped.
Answer:
Their research differs because they were both talking about different things, Hayes was talking about how many lakes there were, while Malaska's was doing more hands on stuff like experiments. Both are important because we need to learn how the lakes formed, but we also need to do hands on experiments.
To calculate that, we'd need to know the coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface, which you haven't told us.
The answer that best describe tropical continental is hot and sunny