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Vitek1552 [10]
3 years ago
6

The model of the atom evolved over time as scientific investigations uncovered new properties and observations about the atom. D

escribe the function of a model in scientific investigations.

Chemistry
1 answer:
wariber [46]3 years ago
4 0
Atomic physics is the field of physics that <span>studies atoms.
</span>In 1913, Niels Bohr made a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory which states<span> that energy can only be transferred in certain quantities. Electrons move around the nucleus but only in fixed orbits. When an atom jumps from one orbit to another with lower energy level, a light quantum is emitted as a result.</span>

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) Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction EXCEPT: A) a hydrogen bond. B) a carbon-hydrogen bond. C) the interaction b
Alecsey [184]

Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction except a carbon-hydrogen bond. The correct option is B.

Explanation:

Non covalent interaction: is the sharing of electron as weak bonds between hydrogen and other atom. Non covalent interaction have large roles in the maintenance of structures of biomolecules as proteins. In biological processes many times a transient bonds are formed between molecules for various functions. The interaction between atoms of the same molecule termed as intermolecular bonds are also non-covalent interactions.

Non- covalent bonds are present in the helix formation.

The non covalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, Van Der Waals forces dipole -dipole bonds and hydrobhic interactions.

The bonds formed in C-H is non-polar and thus are not involved in hydrogen bond hence non covalent interaction.

5 0
3 years ago
Calcium Carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is shown. CaCo3 + 2Hcl = Cacl2 + H2O + Co2
Elena-2011 [213]

Answer:

Approximately 0.224\;\rm L, assuming that this reaction took place under standard temperature and pressure, and that \rm CO_2 behaves like an ideal gas. Also assume that the reaction went to completion.

Explanation:

The first step is to find out: which species is the limiting reactant?

Assume that \rm CaCO_3 is the limiting reactant. How many moles of \rm CO_2 would be produced?

Look up the relative atomic mass of \rm Ca, \rm C, and \rm O on a modern periodic table:

  • \rm Ca: 40.078.
  • \rm C: 12.011.
  • \rm O: 15.999.

Calculate the formula mass of \rm CaCO_3:

\begin{aligned} & M(\rm CaCO_3) \\ &= 40.078 + 12.011 + 3 \times 15.999 \\&= 100.086\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\end{aligned}.

Calculate the number of moles of formula units in 1\; \rm g of \rm CaCO_3 using its formula mass:

\begin{aligned}& n(\mathrm{CaCO_3})\\&= \frac{m(\mathrm{CaCO_3})}{M(\mathrm{CaCO_3})} \\ &= \frac{1\; \rm g}{100.086\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \approx 1.00\times 10^{-2}\; \rm mol\end{aligned}.

In the balanced chemical equation, the ratio between the coefficient of \rm CaCO_3 and that of \rm CO_2 is \displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{CO_2})}{n(\mathrm{CaCO_3})} = 1.

In other words, for each mole of \rm CaCO_3 formula units consumed, one mole of \rm CO_2 would be produced.

If \rm CaCO_3 is indeed the limiting reactant, all that approximately 1.00\times 10^{-2}\; \rm mol of \rm CaCO_3\! formula would be consumed. That would produce approximately 1.00\times 10^{-2}\; \rm mol\! of \rm CO_2.

On the other hand, assume that \rm HCl is the limiting reactant.

Convert the volume of \rm HCl to \rm dm^{3} (so as to match the unit of concentration.)

\begin{aligned}&V(\mathrm{HCl})\\ &= 50\; \rm cm^{3} \\ &= 50\; \rm cm^{3} \times \frac{1\; \rm dm^{3}}{10^{3}\; \rm cm^{3}} \\ &= 5.00\times 10^{-2}\; \rm dm^{3} \end{aligned}.

Calculate the number of moles of \rm HCl molecules in that 5.00\times 10^{-2}\; \rm dm^{3} of this \rm 0.05\; \rm mol \cdot dm^{-3}

\begin{aligned}& n(\mathrm{HCl}) \\ &= c(\mathrm{HCl}) \cdot V(\mathrm{HCl}) \\ &= 0.05\; \rm mol \cdot dm^{-3}\\ &\quad\quad \times 5.00\times 10^{-2}\;\rm dm^{3} \\ &= 2.50 \times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol\end{aligned}.

Notice that in the balanced chemical reaction, the ratio between the coefficient of \rm HCl and that of \rm CO_2 is \displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{CO_2})}{n(\mathrm{HCl})} = \frac{1}{2}.

In other words, each mole of \rm HCl molecules consumed would produce only 0.5\;\rm mol of \rm CO_2 molecules.

Therefore, if \rm HCl is the limiting reactant, that 2.50 \times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol of \rm HCl\! molecules would produce only one-half as many (that is, 1.25\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol) of \rm CO_2 molecules.

If \rm CaCO_3 is the limiting reactant, \rm 1.00\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol of \rm CO_2 molecules would be produced. However, if \rm HCl is the limiting reactant, 1.25\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol of \rm CO_2\! molecules would be produced.

In reality, no more than \rm 1.00\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol of \rm CO_2 molecules would be produced. The reason is that all \rm CaCO_3 would have been consumed before \rm HCl was.

After finding the limiting reactant, approximate the volume of the \rm CO_2\! produced.

Assume that this reaction took place under standard temperature and pressure (STP.) Under STP, the volume of one mole of ideal gas molecules would be approximately 22.4\; \rm L.

If \rm CO_2 behaves like an ideal gas, the volume of that \rm 1.00\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol of \rm CO_2\! molecules would be approximately \rm 1.00\times 10^{-3}\; \rm mol \times 22.4\; \rm L = 0.224\; \rm L.

3 0
3 years ago
What is an example of a system in a state of balance?
Rudik [331]
For example, while the flow of fluid through a tube or electricity through a network could be in a steady state because there is a constant flow of fluid or electricity, a tank or capacitor being drained or filled with fluid is a system in transient state, because it’s volume of fluid changes with time
5 0
3 years ago
PLEASE HELP MEEEEE
igor_vitrenko [27]

Answer:

hey there! it gains an electron and has an octet in its inner shell it loses an electron and has an octet in the next lowest energy level it gains an electron and has an octet in the lowest energy level it gains an electron and has an octet in its outer shell

HAVE A GRET DAY! ;D

Explanation:

tbh idk if im 100% sure if im right but i hope i am :)

8 0
3 years ago
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What is the meaning of uniformitarianism?
scZoUnD [109]
It's mean the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
7 0
3 years ago
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