The most accurate means of determining the purity of a substance is through the use of analytical methods. These methods, widely used in different industries, mostly involve chemical analysis, which can pinpoint the presence, identity and amount of impurities in the sample. The most simple chemical methods include gravimetry and titration. There are also the more advanced light-based or spectroscopic methods, such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, can also be used. Other methods used in testing the purity include mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, optical rotation and particle size analysis.
-basically nerdy talk for using machines controlling chemicals or other atoms to pinpoint any impurities
Ca ionises into Ca^2+. Ca^2+ will be attracted to O^2- ions in the water, since opposite charges attract. (Hydrogen in water forms H^+)
1. 26
2. 115
THIS IS TO REACH 20 CHARACTERS
Answer: 0.024 M
Explanation:
According to the neutralization law,
where,
= molarity of stock solution = 0.12 M
= volume of stock solution = 20.0 ml
= molarity of diluted solution = ? M
= volume of diluted solution = 100.0 ml
Putting in the values we get:
Therefore, the concentration of the resulting solution is 0.024 M.
Answer:
Change in molarity, temperature, volume/pressure depending on the conditions given
Explanation:
It really depends on the type of a reaction, however, we may apply general trends and see every possibility:
- if we increase the concentration of products, then, according to the principle of Le Chatelier, the equilibrium will shift toward the formation of products;
- if we have an endothermic reaction, increasing heat will lead a shift to the right and toward formation of products, since heat might be considered a reactant as well;
- if we have an exothermic reaction, removing heat/decreasing temperature will lead to an increase in products, as we're removing one of our products, heat, and system will try to rebuild the amount of heat lost forming the other products as a result as well;
- if we have gaseous substances in a reaction, an increase in pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right if we have a greater amount in moles of reactant gases compared to products, this is also known as a decrease in volume;
- if we have gaseous substances in a reaction, a decrease in pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right if we have a greater amount in moles of product gases compared to reactants, this is also known as an increase in volume.
