The last one, handmade gifts require more of the givers time!
We could use the change of pressure to calculate for the height climbed by the mountain hiker. The change of pressure is given by
p = rho * g * h, where p is the change of pressure, rho is the air density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.
Using the conversion 1 mbar = 100 Pa,
(930 - 780)(100) = (1.20)(9.80)h
15000 = 1.20*9.80*h
h = 1.28 km
A convergent meniscus lens is a lens that is composed of two spherical surfaces, like the on shown next:
The imaginary line that runs through the middle of the lens is the "symmetry axis".
In this type of lenses incident parallel beams of light converge in one point, as follows:
And thus we get the diagram.