Sediments are pieces of rock that come from other rocks that were eroded or broken by wind, water or other mechanical forces. Debris are pieces of other materials that were also swept away.
When these sediments and debris settle, they create layers. These layers are called beds. In time, several layers of other sediments and debris form on top of each other which press down onto the previous layers. Because of the pressure from the weight of the newer layers, the sediments and debris are pressed together and go through cementation. These then produce sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks undergo heat and pressure. The heat comes from the friction resulting from the pressure. The heat can also come from radioactive decay. The rocks then slowly bake into new rocks called metamorphic rocks.
Igneous rocks form when magma and lava cool down. Magma is molten fluid found beneath the surface of the Earth. Lava is magma that has reached the surface of the Earth. When they cool down, they crystallize which make igneous rocks.
The difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is that one is made beneath the Earth and the other is made on the surface of the Earth. When magma cools, it takes a long time and the product of this cooling are intrusive igneous rocks. On the other hand, extrusive igneous rock is the result of lava cooling, which does not take as long to cool down because it occurs on the surface of the Earth.
Examples of the following types of rocks:
Sedimentary: limestone, sandstone, siltstone
Metamorphic: Marble, gneiss, slate
Igneous: Gabbro (intrusive), granite (Intrusive), obsidian (extrusive)
This depends on whether the pipe is closed or open ended.
The fundamental frequency of a pipe is the simplest, smallest portion of a wave that can fit into a pipe. At the open end of a pipe, there is always an antinode - an area with maximum air movement.
If it is an open ended pipe, there is an antinode at each end, meaning that the length of the pipe is equal to 1/2 <span>λ
</span>. Manipulating the formula <span><span>v=fλ</span>
</span> to solve for the fundamental frequency leaves us with <span><span>f=<span>v/<span>2L</span></span></span>
</span> in an open ended pipe.
Elementary charge used to determine charges of other objects is equal to a charge of electron or proton. It's value is roughly
. All other charges are whole-number multipliers of this elementary charge, meaning that we multiply elementary charge by {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...}.
To find out if the measured charge can be accepted we need to divide it with elementary charge to see if we get whole number as result.
There are three possible values of measured charge:
As we can see none of the possible values of a measured charge is whole-number multiplier of elementary charge so the researcher should not accept the value.
This charge can be achieved by using quarks which have value of 1/3 of elementary charge but they do not remain stable for long enough.
