Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is an anionic surfactant. A surfactant is a compound that helps in mixing the matters (solid, liquid, and gas) with one another. It functions by decreasing the surface tension between the two matters. Primarily they are used to mix water with oil. After getting mixed, they help in washing the dirt away.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a mild surfactant as compared to surfactant as compared to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in terms of irritation. It is used as one of the components in cosmetics and toiletry formulations. It acts as a surface mixing agent for foaming, wetting and dispersing.
Peptide just refers to two or more amino acids liking together. A dipeptide consists of two amino acids linking together. A polypeptide is more that two amino acids linking together.