Answer: 8 electrons
Explanation: Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and they are important in chemical reactions.
Atoms are <em>happy</em> when they follow the octet rule which states that 2 electrons can go in the first shell and 8 electrons can go in the other shells.
Electrons are happy when they have a full outer shell which usually needs to be 8 electrons. However, some of the smaller elements like helium are happy because they can hold a max of 2 electrons and helium has 2 electrons since it has 2 protons in its core as well as 2 electrons in its energy levels.
Answer:
Splitting water molecules produces hydrogen gas, which is used to power machines through hydrogen fuel cells. ( B-)
The gas molecules move between the system and the surroundings follow PV=nRT.
<h3>What are molecules?</h3>
The smallest particle of a substance has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
An increase in pressure pushes the molecules closer together, reducing the volume. If the pressure is decreased, the gases are free to move about in a larger volume.
In the kinetic theory of gasses, increasing the temperature of a gas increases in average kinetic energy of the molecules, causing increased motion.
The reduction in the volume of the gas means that the molecules are striking the walls more often increasing the pressure, and conversely if the volume increases the distance the molecules must travel to strike the walls increases and they hit the walls less often thus decreasing the pressure.
At constant temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. At constant temperature and volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
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Answer:
I2; I–I bond length = 266 pm
Explanation:
Bond length is inversely related to bond strength. The longer the bond length, the weaker the bond. The shorter the bond length the stronger the bond. A large bond distance implies that there is poor interaction between the atoms involved in the bond. A long bond distance or bond length may even indicate the absence of covalent interaction between the atoms involved.
Answer:
To interpret a 13C-NMR spectrum we will use some standards very simple. A 13C-NMR spectrum gives us the following information:
1. Indicates the number of non-equivalent carbons in the molecule.
2. Measuring the chemical shift we can intuit the environment
electronic and determine the next functional groups.
3. In this case we cannot count on integration since the different
carbons have different relaxation times.
The number of peaks in the spectrum indicates the number of types of carbon present in the analyzed substance.
The factors that influence the chemical shift of the signals in the 13C NMR are:
- electronegativity of carbon bound groups
-
carbon hybridization
Explanation:
The nuclear magnetic resonance of C13 is complementary to that of H1. This technique is used to determine the magnetic environment of carbon atoms.
