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2 years ago

A 20-newton weight is attached to a spring.

Physics

1 answer:

Makovka662 [10]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

40 N/m

Explanation:

The diagram attached is used to answer the question

We know from Hooke's law that extension is directly proportional to the applied force hence

F=kx where x is extension, F is applied force and k is the spring constant. Making k the subject of the formula then

$k=\frac {F}{k}$

From the attached diagram extension is given by subtracting unstretched spring from stretched spring hence extension, x=1-0.5=0.5m

Substituting 20 N for F and 0.5 m for x then

$k=\frac {20}{0.5}=40 N/m$

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What are the components of friction?

Tresset [83]

<h2>Answer:</h2>

Friction:

When an object slips on a surface, an opposing force acts between the tangent planes which acts in the opposite direction of motion. This opposing force is called Friction. Or in other words, Friction is the opposing force that opposes the motion between two surfaces.

The main component of friction are:

Normal Reaction (R):

Suppose a block is placed on a table in the above picture, which is in resting state, then two forces are acting on it at that time.

The first is due to its weight mg which is working from its center of gravity towards the vertical bottom.

The second one is superimposed vertically upwards by the table on the block, called the reaction force (P). This force passes through the center of gravity of the block.

Due to P = mg, the box is in equilibrium position on the table.

Coefficient of friction ( μ ):

The ratio of the force of friction and the reaction force is called the coefficient of friction.

Coefficient of friction, µ = force of friction / reaction force

μ = F / R

The coefficient of friction is volume less and dimensionless.

Its value is between 0 to 1.

Advantage and disadvantage from friction force:

The advantage of the force of friction is that due to friction, we can walk on the earth without slipping.
Brakes in all vehicles are due to the force of friction.
We can write on the board only because of the force of friction.
The disadvantage of this force is that due to friction, some parts of energy are lost in the machines and there is wear and tear on the machines.

How to reduce friction:

Using lubricants (oil or grease) in machines.
Friction can be reduced by using ball bearings etc.
Using a soap solution and powder.

4 0

2 years ago

Which statement is true about the Big Bang Theory?

zmey [24]

I think it’s A.) it explains why the universe is made up of matter

4 0

2 years ago

Can someone help me with this please

andrezito [222]

Carbon: C, 12.011, 6, 12
Oxygen: O, 8, 8, 8, 16
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2 years ago

A heat engine with 0.300 mol of a monatomic ideal gas initially fills a 1000 cm3 cylinder at 500 K . The gas goes through the fo

LuckyWell [14K]

Complete Question:

A heat engine with 0.300 mol of a monatomic ideal gas initially fills a 1000 cm3 cylinder at 500 K . The gas goes through the following closed cycle: - Isothermal expansion to 5000 cm3. - Isochoric cooling to 400 K . - Isothermal compression to 1000 cm3. - Isochoric heating to 500 K .

a) what is the work for one cycle

b) what is the thermal efficiency

Answer:

a) Work done for 1 cycle = 402.13

b) Thermal efficiency = 20%

Explanation:

Number of moles, n = 0.300 mol

Initial Volume, V₁ = 1000 cm³

Temperature, T = 500 K

Isothermal expansion to 5000 cm³

Final volume, V₂ = 5000 cm³

R = 8.314 J/ mol.K

Work done, W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

W = (0.3 * 8.314 * 500) * ln(5000/1000)

W = 1247.1 * ln5

W₁ = 2007.13 J

Isochoric cooling

In an Isochoric process, volume is constant i.e. V₂ = V₁ = V

W = nRT ln(V/V)

But ln(V/V) = ln 1 = 0

Work done, W₂ = 0 Joules

Isothermal Compression to 1000 cm³

V₂ = 1000 cm³

V₁ = 5000 cm³

W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

W = 0.3 * 8.314 * 400 ln(1000/5000)

W₃ = -1605 J

Isochoric heating to 500 K

Since there is no change in volume, no work is done

W₄ = 0 J

a) Work done for 1 cycle

W = W₁ + W₂ + W₃ + W₄

W = 2007.13 + 0 + 0 -1605+0

W = 402.13 Joules

b) Thermal efficiency

Thermal efficiency = (Net workdone for 1 cycle)/(Heat absorbed)

Heat absorbed = Work done due to thermal expansion = 2007.13 J

Thermal efficiency = 402.13/2007.13

Thermal efficiency = 0.2

Thermal efficiency = 0.2 * 100% = 20 %

3 0

2 years ago

Object A has 27 J of kinetic energy. Object B has one-quarter the mass of object A.

andreev551 [17]

Answer:

the final speed of object A changed by a factor of $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3} }$ = 0.58

the final speed of object B changed by a factor of $\sqrt{\frac{5}{3} }$ = 1.29

Explanation:

Given;

kinetic energy of object A, = 27 J

let the mass of object A = $m_A$

then, the mass of object B = $m_B = \frac{m_A}{4}$

work done on object A = -18 J

work done on object B = -18 J

let $v_i$ be the initial speed

let $v_f$ be the final speed

For object A;

$K.E_A = 27\\\\\frac{1}{2} m_A v_i^2 = 27\\\\m_A v_i^2 = 54\\\\m_A = \frac{54}{v_i^2} ----Equation \ (1)\\\\Apply \ work-energy \ theorem;\\\\\delta K.E_A = -18\\\\\frac{1}{2} m_A v_f^2 - \frac{1}{2} m_A v_i^2 = -18\\\\\frac{1}{2} m_A ( v_f^2 \ - v_i^2 )\ =- 18\\\\v_f^2 \ - v_i^2 = -\frac{36}{m_A} ---Equation \ (2)\\\\v_f^2 \ - v_i^2 = -\frac{36v_i^2}{54}\\\\ v_f^2 \ =v_i^2 - \frac{36v_i^2}{54}\\\\ v_f^2 = \frac{54v_i^2 -36v_i^2 }{54} \\\\v_f^2 = \frac{18v_i^2}{54} \\\\v_f^2 = \frac{v_i^2}{3} \\\\$

$v_f = \sqrt{\frac{v_i^2}{3} }\\\\v_f = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3} } \ v_i\\\\$

Thus, the final speed of object A changed by a factor of $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3} }$ = 0.58

To obtain the change in the final speed of object B, apply the following equations.

$K.E_B_i = \frac{1}{2} m_Bv_i^2\\\\m_B = \frac{m_A}{4} \\\\K.E_B_i = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{m_A}{4} )v_i^2\\\\K.E_B_i = \frac{m_Av_i^2}{8} \\\\But, \ m_Av_i^2 = 54 \\\\K.E_B_i = \frac{54}{8} \\\\Apply \ work-energy \ theorem ;\\\\\delta K.E = -18\\\\K.E_f -K.E_i = -18\\\\\frac{1}{2}m_Bv_f^2 - \frac{1}{2} m_Bv_i^2 = -18\\\\Recall \ m_B = \frac{m_A}{4} \\\\\frac{1}{2}(\frac{m_A}{4} )v_f^2 - \frac{1}{2}(\frac{m_A}{4} )v_i^2 = -18\\\\\frac{1}{2}\times \frac{m_A}{4} (v_i^2 -v_f^2) = 18\\\\$

$\frac{1}{2}\times \frac{m_A}{4} (v_i^2 -v_f^2) = 18\\\\v_i^2 -v_f^2 = \frac{8}{m_A} \times 18\\\\v_i^2 -v_f^2 =\frac{144}{m_A} \\\\But , m_A = \frac{54}{v_i^2} \\\\v_i^2 -v_f^2 =\frac{144v_i^2}{54} \\\\v_f^2 = v_i^2 - \frac{144v_i^2}{54}\\\\v_f^2 = \frac{54v_i^2-144v_i^2}{54}\\\\ v_f^2 = \frac{-90v_i^2}{54} \\\\v_f^2 = \frac{-5v_i^2}{3} \\\\|v_f| = \sqrt{\frac{5v_i^2}{3}} \\\\|v_f| = \sqrt{\frac{5}{3}} \ v_i$

Thus, the final speed of object B changed by a factor of $\sqrt{\frac{5}{3} }$ = 1.29

3 0

2 years ago