Answer:
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons.
Based on the wave model of light, physicists predicted that increasing light amplitude would increase the kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons, while increasing the frequency would increase measured current.
Answer:
Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present. Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity
Explanation:
Answer:
a. electrophilic aromatic substitution
b. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
c. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
d. electrophilic aromatic substitution
e. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
f. electrophilic aromatic substitution
Explanation:
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where a hydrogen atom or a functional group that is attached to the aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions can be classified into five classes: 1-Halogenation: is the replacement of one or more hydrogen (H) atoms in an organic compound by a halogen such as, for example, bromine (bromination), chlorine (chlorination), etc; 2- Nitration: the replacement of H with a nitrate group (NO2); 3-Sulfonation: the replacement of H with a bisulfite (SO3H); 4-Friedel-CraftsAlkylation: the replacement of H with an alkyl group (R), and 5-Friedel-Crafts Acylation: the replacement of H with an acyl group (RCO). For example, the Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution to produce a wide range of chemical compounds (chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, benzene sulfonic acid, etc).
A nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where an electron-rich nucleophile displaces a leaving group (for example, a halide on the aromatic ring). There are six types of nucleophilic substitution mechanisms: 1-the SNAr (addition-elimination) mechanism, whose name is due to the Hughes-Ingold symbol ''SN' and a unimolecular mechanism; 2-the SN1 reaction that produces diazonium salts 3-the benzyne mechanism that produce highly reactive species (including benzyne) derived from the aromatic ring by the replacement of two substituents; 4-the free radical SRN1 mechanism where a substituent on the aromatic ring is displaced by a nucleophile with the formation of intermediary free radical species; 5-the ANRORC (Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure) mechanism, involved in reactions of metal amide nucleophiles and substituted pyrimidines; and 6-the Vicarious nucleophilic substitution, where a nucleophile displaces an H atom on the aromatic ring but without leaving groups (such as, for example, halogen substituents).
The phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is the committed step in glycolysis because. it is the rate-limiting step
<h3>What is
phosphorylation?</h3>
The first step in the metabolism of carbohydrates is frequently their phosphorylation. Because the phosphate group stops the molecules from migrating back across the transporter, phosphorylation enables cells to store carbohydrates. Glucose phosphorylation is a crucial step in the metabolism of sugar. In the first phase of glycolysis, D-glucose is converted to D-glucose-6-phosphate using the chemical equation D-glucose + ATP D-glucose-6-phosphate + ADP G° = 16.7 kJ/mol (° signifies measurement under standard conditions).
The rate-limiting stage in the liver's metabolism of glucose is the initial rate of phosphorylation of glucose (ATP-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase) and non-specific hexokinase. Hepatic cells are freely permeable to glucose (ATP-D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase).
encouraging certain glucose transporters to translocate to the cell membrane.
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