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andrew-mc [135]
3 years ago
9

A 5.22×104 kg railroad car moves on frictionless horizontal rails until it hits a horizontal spring stopper with a force constan

t of 4.58×105 N/m . When the railroad car comes to a complete stop, the compression of the spring stopper is 32 cm . How fast was the railroad car initially?
Physics
1 answer:
In-s [12.5K]3 years ago
8 0

To solve this problem we will apply the principles of conservation of energy, for which we have to preserve the initial kinetic energy as elastic potential energy at the end of the movement. If said equality is maintained then we can affirm that,

\text{Initial Energy}=\text{Final Energy}

\frac{1}{2} mv^2=\frac{1}{2} kx^2

Here,

m = mass

k = Spring constant

x = Displacement

v = Velocity

Rearranging to find the velocity,

mv^2 = kx^2

v^2 = \frac{kx^2}{m}

v = \sqrt{\frac{kx^2}{m}}

Our values are,

m = 5.22*10^4kg

k = 4.58*10^5N/m

x = 32cm = 0.32m

Replacing our values we have,

v = \sqrt{\frac{(4.58*10^5)(5.22*10^4)}{0.32}}

v = 2.733*10^5m/s

Therefore the velocity is 2.733*10^5m/s

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Two 51 g blocks are held 30 cm above a table. As shown in the figure, one of them is just touching a 30-long spring. The blocks
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The concept of this question can be well understood by listing out the parameters given.

  • The mass of the block = 51 g = 51 × 10⁻³ kg
  • The distance of the block from the table = 30 cm
  • Length of the spring = 30 cm

The purpose is to determine the spring constant.

Let us assume that the two blocks are Block A and Block B.

At point A on block A, the initial velocity on the block is zero

i.e. u = 0

We want to determine the time it requires for Block A to reach the table. The can be achieved by using the second equation of motion which can be expressed by using the formula.

\mathsf{S = ut + \dfrac{1}{2}gt^2}

From the above formula,

The distance (S) = 30 cm; we need to convert the unit to meter (m).

  • Since 1 cm = 0.01 m
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The acceleration (g) due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²

∴

inputting the values into the equation above, we have;

\mathsf{0.3 = (0)t + \dfrac{1}{2}*(9.80)*(t^2)}

\mathsf{0.3 = \dfrac{1}{2}*(9.80)*(t^2)}

\mathsf{0.3 =4.9*(t^2)}

By dividing both sides by 4.9, we have:

\mathsf{t^2 = \dfrac{0.3}{4.9}}

\mathsf{t^2 = 0.0612}

\mathsf{t = \sqrt{0.0612}}

\mathsf{t =0.247  \ seconds}

However, block B comes to an instantaneous rest on point C. This is achieved by the dropping of the block on the spring. During this process, the spring is compressed and it bounces back to oscillate in that manner. The required time needed to get to this point C is half the period, this will eventually lead to the bouncing back of the block with another half of the period, thereby completing a movement of one period.

By applying the equation of the time period of a simple harmonic motion.

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where the relation between time (t) and period (T) is:

\mathsf{t = \dfrac{T}{2}}

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\mathsf{T = 2 \pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{k}}}

By making the spring constant k the subject of the formula:

\mathsf{\dfrac{T}{2 \pi } = \sqrt{ \dfrac{m}{k}}}

\Big(\dfrac{T}{2 \pi }\Big)^2 = { \dfrac{m}{k}

\dfrac{T^2}{(2 \pi)^2 }= { \dfrac{m}{k}

\mathsf{ T^2 *k = 2 \pi^2*m} \\ \\  \mathsf{  k = \dfrac{2 \pi^2*m}{T^2}}

\mathsf{  k =\Big( \dfrac{(2 \pi)^2*(51 \times 10^{-3})}{(0.494)^2} \Big) N/m}

\mathbf{  k =8.25 \ N/m}

Therefore, we conclude that the spring constant as a result of instantaneous rest caused by the compression of the spring is 8.25 N/m.

Learn more about simple harmonic motion here:

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