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Amanda [17]
3 years ago
11

(a) Consider the initial-value problem dA/dt = kA, A(0) = A0 as the model for the decay of a radioactive substance. Show that, i

n general, the half-life T of the substance is T = -(ln 2)/k.
(b) Show that the solution of the initial-value problem in part (a) can be written A(t) = A02^-2/T
(C) If a radioactive substance has the half-life T given in part (a), how long will it take an initial amount A0 of the substance to decay to 1/8 A0? Differntial Equation pelease help?
Physics
1 answer:
murzikaleks [220]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

a) t = -\frac{ln(2)}{k}

b) See the proof below

A(t) = A_o 2^{-\frac{t}{T}}

c) t = 3T \frac{ln(2)}{ln(2)}= 3T

Explanation:

Part a

For this case we have the following differential equation:

\frac{dA}{dt}= kA

With the initial condition A(0) = A_o

We can rewrite the differential equation like this:

\frac{dA}{A} =k dt

And if we integrate both sides we got:

ln |A|= kt + c_1

Where c_1 is a constant. If we apply exponential for both sides we got:

A = e^{kt} e^c = C e^{kt}

Using the initial condition A(0) = A_o we got:

A_o = C

So then our solution for the differential equation is given by:

A(t) = A_o e^{kt}

For the half life we know that we need to find the value of t for where we have A(t) = \frac{1}{2} A_o if we use this condition we have:

\frac{1}{2} A_o = A_o e^{kt}

\frac{1}{2} = e^{kt}

Applying natural log we have this:

ln (\frac{1}{2}) = kt

And then the value of t would be:

t = \frac{ln (1/2)}{k}

And using the fact that ln(1/2) = -ln(2) we have this:

t = -\frac{ln(2)}{k}

Part b

For this case we need to show that the solution on part a can be written as:

A(t) = A_o 2^{-t/T}

For this case we have the following model:

A(t) = A_o e^{kt}

If we replace the value of k obtained from part a we got:

k = -\frac{ln(2)}{T}

A(t) = A_o e^{-\frac{ln(2)}{T} t}

And we can rewrite this expression like this:

A(t) = A_o e^{ln(2) (-\frac{t}{T})}

And we can cancel the exponential with the natural log and we have this:

A(t) = A_o 2^{-\frac{t}{T}}

Part c

For this case we want to find the value of t when we have remaining \frac{A_o}{8}

So we can use the following equation:

\frac{A_o}{8}= A_o 2^{-\frac{t}{T}}

Simplifying we got:

\frac{1}{8} = 2^{-\frac{t}{T}}

We can apply natural log on both sides and we got:

ln(\frac{1}{8}) = -\frac{t}{T} ln(2)

And if we solve for t we got:

t = T \frac{ln(8)}{ln(2)}

We can rewrite this expression like this:

t = T \frac{ln(2^3)}{ln(2)}

Using properties of natural logs we got:

t = 3T \frac{ln(2)}{ln(2)}= 3T

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