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Kitty [74]
3 years ago
6

A sample of sand weighs 490 g in stock and 475 in Oven Dry (OD) condition, respectively. If absorption capability of the sand is

1.1%, calculate the weight of the specimen in SSD condition.
Engineering
1 answer:
Ivahew [28]3 years ago
5 0

The weight of the specimen in SSD condition is 373.3 cc

<u>Explanation</u>:

a) Apparent specific gravity = \frac{A}{A-C}

Where,

A = mass of oven dried test sample in air = 1034 g

B = saturated surface test sample in air = 1048.9 g

C = apparent mass of saturated test sample in water = 975.6 g

apparent specific gravity = \frac{A}{A-C}

                                         = \frac{1034}{1034-675 \cdot 6}

Apparent specific gravity = 2.88

b) Bulk specific gravity G_{B}^{O D}=\frac{A}{B-C}

G_{B}^{O D}=\frac{1034}{1048.9-675 \cdot 6}

       =  2.76

c) Bulk specific gravity (SSD):

G_{B}^{S S D}=\frac{B}{B-C}

=\frac{1048 \cdot 9}{1048 \cdot 9-675 \cdot 6}

G_{B}^{S S D} = 2.80

d) Absorption% :

=\frac{B-A}{A} \times 100 \%

=\frac{1048 \cdot 9-1034}{1034} \times 100

Absorption = 1.44 %

e) Bulk Volume :

v_{b}=\frac{\text { weight of dispaced water }}{P \omega t}

=\frac{1048 \cdot 9-675 \cdot 6}{1}

= 373.3 cc

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Answer:

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Solution:

As per the question:

Temperature at inlet, T_{i} = 20^{\circ}C = 273 + 20 = 293 K

Temperature at the outlet, T_{o} = 200{\circ}C = 273 + 200 = 473 K

Pressure at inlet, P_{i} = 80 kPa = 80\times 10^{3} Pa

Pressure at outlet, P_{o} = 800 kPa = 800\times 10^{3} Pa

Speed at the outlet, v_{o} = 20 m/s

Diameter of the tube, D = 10 cm = 10\times 10^{- 2} m = 0.1 m

Input power, P_{i} = 400 kW = 400\times 10^{3} W

Now,

To calculate the heat transfer, Q, we make use of the steady flow eqn:

h_{i} + \frac{v_{i}^{2}}{2} + gH  + Q = h_{o} + \frac{v_{o}^{2}}{2} + gH' + p_{s}

where

h_{i} = specific enthalpy at inlet

h_{o} = specific enthalpy at outlet

v_{i} = air speed at inlet

p_{s} = specific power input

H and H' = Elevation of inlet and outlet

Now, if

v_{i} = 0 and H = H'

Then the above eqn reduces to:

h_{i} + gH + Q = h_{o} + \frac{v_{o}^{2}}{2} + gH + p_{s}

Q = h_{o} - h_{i} + \frac{v_{o}^{2}}{2} + p_{s}                (1)

Also,

p_{s} = \frac{P_{i}}{ mass, m}

Area of cross-section, A = \frac{\pi D^{2}}{4} =\frac{\pi 0.1^{2}}{4} = 7.85\times 10^{- 3} m^{2}

Specific Volume at outlet, V_{o} = A\times v_{o} = 7.85\times 10^{- 3}\times 20 = 0.157 m^{3}/s

From the eqn:

P_{o}V_{o} = mRT_{o}

m = \frac{800\times 10^{3}\times 0.157}{287\times 473} = 0.925 kg/s

Now,

p_{s} = \frac{400\times 10^{3}}{0.925} = 432.432 kJ/kg

Also,

\Delta h = h_{o} - h_{i} = c_{p}\Delta T =c_{p}(T_{o} - T_{i}) = 1.005(200 - 20) = 180.9 kJ/kg

Now, using these values in eqn (1):

Q = 180.9 + \frac{20^{2}}{2} + 432.432 = 813.33 kW

Now, rate of heat transfer, q:

q = mQ = 0.925\times 813.33 = 752.33 kW

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In Science, there are three (3) main types of energy transmission and these include the following:

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In this scenario, we can infer and logically conclude that burning the bottom of your feet when walking on hot sand is primarily due to a form of energy transmission known as conduction because it involves the transfer of thermal energy (heat) due to the movement of particles.

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