RADIATION. Radio waves, microwaves, IR, light, UV, x-rays, GAMMA waves etc are ALL Electromagnetic radiation. The difference between ALL the above is the frequency, I.E. The number of waves per second. The higher the frequency the more energy.
They speed up reactions by lowering activation energy. Many enzymes change shape when substrates bind.
Protons, neutron, and elecrons
Explanation:
It is given that r = 0.283 nm. As 1 nm =
.
Hence, 0.283 nm = 
- Formula for coulombic energy is as follows.

where, e =
C
= 

= 
- As 1 eV =

So, 1 J = 
Hence, U = 
= 8.9 eV
- Also, 1 J =

=
kJ/mol
Therefore, U =
kJ/mol
= 