Answer:
A. Methanol
B. 2-chloropropan-1-ol
C. 2,2-dichloroethanol
D. 2,2-difluoropropan-1-ol
Explanation:
Primary alcohols are stronger acids than secondary alcohols which are stronger than tertiary alcohols.
This trend is so because of the stability of the alkoxide ion formed(stabilising the base, increases the acidity). A more stabilised alkoxide ion is a weaker conjugate base (dissociation of an acid in water).
By electronic factors, When there are alkyl groups donating electrons, the density of electrons on th O- will increase a d thereby make it less stable.
By stearic factors, More alkyl group bonded to the -OH would mean the bulkier the alkoxide ion which would be harder to stabilise.
Down the group of the periodic table, basicity (metallic character) decreases as we go from F– to Cl– to Br– to I– because that negative charge is being spread out over a larger volume that is electronegativity decreases down the group.
Electronegative atoms give rise to inductive effect and a decrease in indutive effects leads to a decrease in acidity. Therefore an Increasing distance from the -OH group lsads to a decrease in acidity.
From above,
A. Methanol
B. 2-chloropropan-1-ol
C. 2,2-dichloroethanol
D. 2,2-difluoropropan-1-ol
Electron density is the measure of theprobability of an electron being present at a specific location.
In molecules, regions of electron density are usually found around the atom, and its bonds. In de-localized orconjugated systems, such as phenol,benzene and compounds such as hemoglobin and chlorophyll, the electron density covers an entire region, i.e., in benzene they are found above and below the planar ring. This is sometimes shown diagrammatically as a series of alternating single and double bonds. In the case of phenol and benzene, a circle inside a hexagon shows the de-localized nature of the compound.
Just use the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle:
<span>ΔpΔx = h/2*pi </span>
<span>Δp = the uncertainty in momentum </span>
<span>Δx = the uncertainty in position </span>
<span>h = 6.626e-34 J s (plank's constant) </span>
<span>Hint: </span>
<span>to calculate Δp use the fact that the uncertainty in the momentum is 1% (0.01) so that </span>
<span>Δp = mv*(0.01) </span>
<span>m = mass of electron </span>
<span>v = velocity of electron </span>
<span>Solve for Δx </span>
<span>Δx = h/(2*pi*Δp) </span>
<span>And that is the uncertainty in position. </span>
It's ionic because electrictrons are only lost or gained in ionic bonds
