First one heat, the second one is radiation and the third is radiated ;)
A) initial volume
We can calculate the initial volume of the gas by using the ideal gas law:

where

is the initial pressure of the gas

is the initial volume of the gas

is the number of moles

is the gas constant

is the initial temperature of the gas
By re-arranging this equation, we can find

:

2) Now the gas cools down to a temperature of

while the pressure is kept constant:

, so we can use again the ideal gas law to find the new volume of the gas

3) In a process at constant pressure, the work done by the gas is equal to the product between the pressure and the difference of volume:

by using the data we found at point 1) and 2), we find

where the negative sign means the work is done by the surrounding on the gas.
The answer would be:
Doubling the height will increase the amount of Joules produced.
The work done by a rotating object can be calculated by the formula Work = Torque * angle.
This is analog to the work done by the linear motion where torque is analog to force and angle is analog to distance. This is Work = Force * distance.
An example will help you. Say that you want to calculate the work made by an engine that rotates a propeller with a torque of 1000 Newton*meter over 50 revolution.
The formula is Work = torque * angle.
Torque = 1000 N*m
Angle = [50 revolutions] * [2π radians/revolution] = 100π radians
=> Work = [1000 N*m] * [100π radians] = 100000π Joules ≈ 314159 Joules of work.