Nothing in particular determines the name of an element, it could range from who discovered it to where it was discovered!
The correct answer is A. The image shows a nuclear fission. This takes place in any of the heavy nuclei after capture of a neutron. This is the opposite of nuclear fusion. In this case, nuclei are broken down into two.
Isotopes of same element has different number of neutrons with different masses and having same number of protons and electrons.
Radioactive isotopes are those isotopes which are radioactive in nature. The unstable nucleus results in the radioactivity process and this process will go on until the stable isotope (element) forms.
Thus, the nucleus of unstable isotopes of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.
The most likely answer is the boiling point and freezing point of water. The Celsius scale starts at the freezing point of water (0°C) and than scaled so that 100°C fell on the boiling point of water.
I hope this helps. Let me know if anything is unclear.
