Discuss the differences between Seismic Reflection and Seismic Refraction

Physics

1 answer:

Maru [420]3 years ago

6 0

Explanation:

Seismic refraction is the bending of the seismic waves as they pass geological layers of the earth due to different densities. This is especially true for Primary waves because they can pass through all the layers of the earth both liquid and solid.

Seismic reflectivity is the bouncing back of seismic waves at a boundary of geological layers due to different densities or subsurface formation. This is especially true for secondary waves that are unable to pass through liquid layers of the earth like the outer core and mantle. When they reach the boundary of these layers they bounce back towards the earth's surface.

These properties of P and S waves are used to ‘auscultate’ the epicenter of an earthquake by triangulation.

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A low orbit satellite at 100 km altitude had a camera that resolved a car location to within 0.3 meter. Find the minimum diamete

NeX [460]

Answer:

Minimum diameter of the camera lens is 22.4 cm

The focal length of the camera's lens is 300cm

Explanation:

y = Resolve distance = 0.3 m

h = Height of satellite = 100 km

λ = Wavelength = 550 nm

Angular resolution

$tan\theta\approx \theta =\frac{y}{h}\\\Rightarrow \theta=\frac{0.3}{100\times 10^3}=3\times 10^{-6}$

From Rayleigh criteria

$sin\theta=1.22\frac{\lambda}{D}\\\Rightarrow D=1.22\frac{\lambda}{sin\theta}\\\Rightarrow D=1.22\frac{550\times 10^{-9}}{sin3\times 10^{-6}}=0.2236\ m=22.4\ cm$