The higher density allows the protogalactic clouds to cool faster and form an elliptical galaxy rather than a spiral galaxy.
In physical cosmology, a protogalaxy or protogalactic cloud , which could also be called a "primeval galaxy", is a cloud of gas which is forming into a galaxy. It is believed that the rate of star formation during this period of galactic evolution will determine whether a galaxy is a spiral or elliptical galaxy; a slower star formation tends to produce a spiral galaxy. The smaller clumps of gas in a protogalaxy form into stars.
Composition
Since there had been no previous star formation to create other elements, protogalaxies would have been made up almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. The hydrogen would bond to form H2 molecules, with some exceptions. This would change as star formation began and produced more elements through the process of nuclear fusion.
Mechanics
Once a protogalaxy begins to form, all particles bound by its gravity begin to free fall towards it. The time taken for this free-fall to conclude can be approximated using the free-fall equations. Most galaxies have completed this free-fall stage to become stable elliptical or disk galaxies, the disks taking longer to fully form. The formation of galaxy clusters takes much longer and is still in progress now.
This stage is also where galaxies acquire most of their angular momentum. A protogalaxy acquires this due to gravitational influence from neighbouring dense clumps in the early universe, and the further the gas is away from the centre, the more spin it gets.
Learn more about protogalactic clouds here : brainly.com/question/28166070
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Answer:
The ratio of the resistances of second coil to the first coil is the ratio of square of radius of the first coil to the square of radius of second coil.
And
The ratio of the resistances of fourth coil to the third coil is the ratio of square of radius of the third coil to the square of radius of fourth coil.
Explanation:
The resistance of the coil is directly proportional to the length of the coil and inversely proportional to the area of coil and hence inversely proportional to the square of radius of the coil.
So, the ratio of the resistances of second coil to the first coil is the ratio of square of radius of the first coil to the square of radius of second coil.
And
The ratio of the resistances of fourth coil to the third coil is the ratio of square of radius of the third coil to the square of radius of fourth coil.
Answer:
A. 231.77 J
B. 5330.71 J
C. 46 donuts
Explanation:
A. To lift the barbell once, she will have to extend it the full length of her arm. The work done will then be:
W = F * d
Where the force is the weight of the barbell.
F = m * g
Hence, the work done in lifting the barbell is:
W = m * g * d
W = 43 * 9.8 * 0.55
W = 231.77 J
B. If she does 23 repetitions, the total energy she expend will be equal to the Potential energy when the barbell is lifted multiplied by 23:
E = 23 * m * g * d
E = 23 * 231.77
E = 5330.71 J
C. 1 Joule = 4.184 calories
5330.71 Joules = 5330.71 * 4.184 = 22303.69
If 1 donut contains 490 calories, the number of donuts she will need will be:
N = 22303.69/490 = 45.5 donuts or 46 donuts
That's a loaded question. Well to me, through what I have heard from others and theories, I imagine there was other universes before us. It wasn't just nothingness, there was another universe, perhaps in another dimension that either ended or is still around today. Alternate dimensions are a theory, so it was probably just a matter of when ours would be born. We could've been the result of reaching the singularity in a black hole or we could've been the continuation of a grand generation of universes. Either way, I think before us there was other things that filled the void of darkness that we imagine to be before us.
Vertical line from the centre of mass is inside the base of the tower.
