Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
The molarity of (HNO₃) that was used if 2.00 L must be used to prepare 4.5 L of a 0.25M HNO₃ solution is 0.563 M
<u><em>calculation</em></u>
This is calculated usind M₁V₁=M₂V₂ formula
where,
M₁( molarity ₁) = ?
V₁( volume ₁) = 2.00 L
M₁ (molarity ₂) = 0.25M
V₂( volume₂) = 4.5 L
make M₁ the subject of the formula by diving both side of the formula by V₁
M₁ is therefore = M₂V₂/V₁
M₁ =[ (0.25 M x 4.5 L) / 2.00 L ] =0.563 M
The concentration after dilution is 1.4%.
We are aware that concentration and volume are related to each other by the formula -
=
, where we have initial concentration and volume on Left Hand Side and final concentration and volume on Right Hand Side.
Keep the values to calculate final concentration.
= (53.5 × 5.4)/205.0
Performing multiplication on Right and Side
= 288.9/205.0
Performing division on Right Hand Side
= 1.4%
Hence, the final concentration is 1.4%.
Learn more about concentration -
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The complete question is -
A 53.5 mL sample of an 5.4 % (m/v) KBr solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is 205.0 mL.
Calculate the final concentration and express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.