Valence electrons are the electrons that are in an atom's outermost layer.
Every atom is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Electrons are outside them both.
They have energy levels (number of electrons per layer)
And the number they have on the farthest layer are the valence electrons.
The conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately <u>106 atp</u> equivalents.
The most prevalent kind of fatty acid with sixteen carbon atoms without carbon-carbon double bonds would be palmitic acid. There must be a maximum of seven cycles of beta-oxidation in order to totally degrade the fatty acid. 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, 7 NADH molecules, with 7 FADH2 molecules are produced as a result of this.
The primary enzyme, CAT-1, catalyzes the production of acylcarnitine carnitine, which provides the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation.
Therefore, the conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately <u>106 atp</u> equivalents.
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