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laiz [17]
3 years ago
14

Rank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems:(a) Cr in Fe at 600°C; (b) C

in Fe at 900°C; (c) Cr in Fe at 900°C. Now justify this ranking. You MUST write a short paragraph to explain your ranking
Engineering
2 answers:
lisabon 2012 [21]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The rank of the magnitude of diffusion coefficients from greatest to least is as follows:

1) "C" in "Fe" at 900°C

2) "Cr" in "Fe" at 900°C

3) "Cr" in "Fe" at 600°C

Explanation:

"C" in "Fe" is an interstitial impurity while "Cr" in "Fe" is a substitutional impurity".

With that being said, interstitial diffusion occurs in "C" in "Fe" systems while substitutional diffusion occurs in "Cr" in "Fe" systems.

Also, Interstitial diffusion is much faster than substitutional diffusion, hence the order we got in the answer.

Also, with increasing temperature, magnitude of diffusion coefficient increases due to the relation;

D =D° Exp (-Qd/RT)

Where;

D° = temperature independent pre-exponential

Qd = the activation energy for diffusion

R = universal gas constant

T = absolute temperature

jek_recluse [69]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The rank of the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient from greatest to least is as follows:

C in Fe at 900°C > Cr in Fe at 900°C > Cr in Fe at 600°C

Reason

C in Fe is an interstitial impurity while Cr in Fe is a substutional impurity.Therefore interstitial impurity occurs in C in Fe systems,while substutitional diffusion occurs in Cr in Fe system.Interstitial is much faster than substitutional diffusion hence the order

Also with increasing temperature magnitude of diffusion coefficient increases,due to the relation.

     D = D₀exp(-Qd/RT)

Where D₀=Temperature independent per exponential

           Qd= The activation energy for diffusion

             R= Universal gas constant

              T=absolute temperature

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The 1000-lb elevator is hoisted by the pulley system and motor M. If the motor exerts a constant force of 500 lb on the cable, d
Anna007 [38]

Answer:

\epsilon=\frac{p_{out}}{P_{in}} \\p_{in}=\frac{p_{out}}{\epsilon} \\p_{in}=\frac{32965.5}{0.65}\\ p_{in}=50716.1538 lb.ft/s\\

In hp:

p_{in}=\frac{50716.1538}{500}\\ p_{in}=101.432 hp

Part B:

\epsilon=\frac{p_{out}}{P_{in}} \\p_{in}=\frac{p_{out}}{\epsilon} \\p_{in}=\frac{50356.2}{0.65}\\ p_{in}=77471.07692 lb.ft/s\\

In hp:

p_{in}=\frac{77471.07692}{500}\\ p_{in}=154.94215 hp

Explanation:

Weight of elevator=1000-lb

Force=500 lb

s=15 ft

Force on pulley=F=3*500=1500 lb

g=32.2 ft/s^2

According to Newton's Second law:

\sum F_y=ma_y

According to attachment:

F-W=ma_y

1500-1000=\frac{1000}{32.2}a_y

a_y=16.1 ft/s^2

According to third equation of motion:

v^2=v_o^2+2a_y(S-So)\\

Where:

Vo is initial velocity

V is final velocity

S is final distance

So is starting distance

v^2=(0)^2+2*16.1*(15)\\v^2=483\\v=21.977 ft/s

Output power:

P_{out}=F.v\\P_{out}=1500*21.977\\P_{out}=32965.5 lb.ft/s

\epsilon=\frac{p_{out}}{P_{in}} \\p_{in}=\frac{p_{out}}{\epsilon} \\p_{in}=\frac{32965.5}{0.65}\\ p_{in}=50716.1538 lb.ft/s\\

In hp:

p_{in}=\frac{50716.1538}{500}\\ p_{in}=101.432 hp

Part B:

When S=35 ft

v^2=(0)^2+2*16.1*(35)\\v^2=1127\\v=33.5708 ft/s

Output power:

P_{out}=F.v\\ P_{out}=1500*33.5708 \\ P_{out}=50356.2 lb.ft/s

\epsilon=\frac{p_{out}}{P_{in}} \\p_{in}=\frac{p_{out}}{\epsilon} \\p_{in}=\frac{50356.2}{0.65}\\ p_{in}=77471.07692 lb.ft/s\\

In hp:

p_{in}=\frac{77471.07692}{500}\\ p_{in}=154.94215 hp

3 0
3 years ago
The heat transfer rate due to free convection from a vertical surface, 1 m high and 0.6 m wide, to quiescent air that is 20 K co
andreyandreev [35.5K]

Answer:

The ratio of heat transfer rate is 0.88

Explanation:

Given;

Case1 :

height of vertical surface, L = 1 m

width of vertical surface, w = 0.6 m

Case 2:

height of vertical surface, L = 0.6 m

width of vertical surface, w = 1 m

At an assumed film temperature of air = 300 K

then, read off from heat transfer table, temperature inverse β, surface area flow rate v, and Pr, to determine Rayleigh number for the two cases.

β = 1/300 = 0.00333 K⁻¹

v = 15.89 x 10⁻⁶ m²/s

Pr = 0.69

Case 1, L = 1 m

R_a = \frac{g\beta TL^3P_r}{v^2}

R_a = \frac{9.8*0.00333* 20*1^3*0.69}{(15.89x10^{-6})2} \\\\R_a = 1.784 *10^9

Case 2, L = 0.6 m

R_a = \frac{g\beta TL^3P_r}{v^2} \\\\R_a = \frac{9.8*0.00333* 20*0.6^3*0.69}{(15.89*10^{-6})^2}\\\\ R_a = 3.853 *10^8

From the values of Rayleigh numbers above, case 1 is Turbulent flow while case 2 is laminar flow

Thus: C₁ = 0.1, n₁ = ¹/₃

          C₂ = 0.59, n₂ = 1/4

Ratio of heat transfer rate is given as:

\frac{q_1}{q_2} = \frac{h_1 \delta T}{h_2 \delta T} \\\\\frac{q_1}{q_2} = \frac{h_1}{h_2} \\\\But, \frac{hL}{k} = CR_a^n L, \ \ h=\frac{k}{L}(CR_a^n L)\\\\\frac{q_1}{q_2} = \frac{C_1R_a_1^n L_2}{C_2R_a_2^n L_1} = \frac{0.1(1.784*10^9)^{\frac{1}{3}} *0.6}{0.59(3.853*10^8)^{\frac{1}{4}} *1} \\\\\frac{q_1}{q_2} = \frac{72.76}{82.66} = 0.88

Therefore, the ratio of heat transfer rate is 0.88

4 0
3 years ago
Calculate the angle of banking on a bend of 100m radius so that vehicles can travel round the bend at 50km/hr without side thrus
saw5 [17]

Answer:

11.125°

Explanation:

Given:

Radius of bend, R = 100 m

Speed around the bend = 50 Km/hr = \frac{5}{18}\times50 = 13.89 m/s

Now,

We have the relation

\tan\theta=\frac{v^2}{gR}

where,

θ = angle of banking

g is the acceleration due to gravity

on substituting the respective values, we get

\tan\theta=\frac{13.89^2}{9.81\times100}

or

\tan\theta=0.1966

or

θ = 11.125°

3 0
3 years ago
Consider the function f(n) = n
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get off this

Explanation:

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The heavier an atomic nucleus gets, the less energy the star is able to extract from it through nuclear fusion. When it gets to
Slav-nsk [51]

Answer:

Iron

Explanation:

Once a star starts fusing iron in its core it gives off very large amounts of energy. Also helium, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and silicon still exist in the star in different shells while fusin is taking place at different parts of the star. Right at the surface, hydrogen continues to fuse to helium, as e go further down helium is fusing to carbon and oxygen; right inside the core we have silicon that is fusing with iron. At this point, Iron being of stable atomic structure and quite heavier will no longer be fused into anything because of the quite large amounts of energy and force required to fuse iron atoms. The process comes to a standstill at this point.

6 0
3 years ago
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