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2 years ago

For a ceramic compound, what are the two characteristics of the component ions that determine the crystal structure?

Engineering

1 answer:

DiKsa [7]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

The two characteristics of component ions that determine the crystal structure of a ceramic compound are:

1) The magnitude of electrical charge on each ion.

2) The relative sizes of both cations and anions.

Explanation:

Most ceramics normally contain both metallic and nonmetallic elements with ionic or covalent bonds. Thus, the structure of the metallic atoms, structure of the non-metallic atoms, and also the balance of charges produced by the valence electrons must be considered.

These ionic and covalent bonds i talked about earlier are the strong primary bonds that hold the atoms together and form the ceramic material. These chemical bonds are of two types:

i) they could either be ionic in character, meaning they involve a transfer of bonding electrons from electropositive atoms (cations) to electronegative atoms (anions),

ii) or they could be covalent in character, which involves orbital sharing of electrons between the constituent atoms or ions.

Thus, Covalent bonds are generally directional in nature, often dictating the types of crystal structure possible. Whereas, Ionic bonds, on the other hand, are entirely nondirectional. This nondirectional nature allows for hard-sphere packing arrangements of the ions into a variety of crystal structures.

So, we can deduce that;

The two characteristics of component ions that determine the crystal structure of a ceramic compound are:

1) The magnitude of electrical charge on each ion.

2) The relative sizes of both cations and anions.

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A kernel-level thread wishes to acquire a mutex lock declared as global in the process. True or False: the function call used be

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Answer:

A kernel-level thread wishes to acquire a mutex lock declared as global in the process. "True"
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3 years ago

The underground storage of a gas station has leaked gasoline into the ground. Among the constituents of gasoline are benzene, wi

vovangra [49]

Answer:

a) benzene = 910 days

b) toluene = 1612.67 days

Explanation:

Given:

Kd = 1.8 L/kg (benzene)

Kd = 3.3 L/kg (toluene)

psolid = solids density = 2.6 kg/L

K = 2.9x10⁻⁵m/s

pores = n = 0.37

water table = 0.4 m

ground water = 15 m

u = K/n = (2.9x10⁻⁵ * (0.4/15)) / 0.37 = 2.09x10⁻⁶m/s

a) For benzene:

$R=1+\frac{\rho * K_{d} }{n}, \rho = 2.6\\ R=1+\frac{2.6*1.8}{0.37} =13.65$

The time will take will be:

$t=\frac{xR}{a} , x=12,a=0.18\\t=\frac{12*13.65}{0.18} =910days$

b) For toluene:

$R=1+\frac{2.6*3.3 }{0.37} = 24.19$

$t=\frac{12*24.19}{0.18} =1612.67days$

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A mass of 5 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 125 kPa. Initially, 2 kg o

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A because it is the best one

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3 years ago

Small droplets of carbon tetrachloride at 68 °F are formed with a spray nozzle. If the average diameter of the droplets is 200 u

Licemer1 [7]

Answer:

the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the droplets is 538 Pa

Explanation:

given data

temperature = 68 °F

average diameter = 200 µm

to find out

what is the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the droplets

solution

we know here surface tension of carbon tetra chloride at 68 °F is get from table 1.6 physical properties of liquid that is

σ = 2.69 × $10^{-2}$ N/m

so average radius = $\frac{diameter}{2}$ = 100 µm = 100 × $10^{-6}$ m

now here we know relation between pressure difference and surface tension

so we can derive difference pressure as

2π×σ×r = Δp×π×r² .....................1

here r is radius and Δp pressure difference and σ surface tension

Δp = $\frac{2 \sigma }{r}$

put here value

Δp = $\frac{2*2.69*10^{-2}}{100*10^{-6}}$

Δp = 538

so the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the droplets is 538 Pa

7 0

3 years ago

Steam enters an adiabatic condenser (heat exchanger) at a mass flow rate of 5.55 kg/s where it condensed to saturated liquid wat

Evgen [1.6K]

Answer:

The minimum mass flow rate will be "330 kg/s".

Explanation:

Given:

For steam,

$m_{s}=5.55 \ kg/s$

$\Delta h=2491 \ kg/kj$

For water,

$\Delta T=10^{\circ}C$

$(Cp)_{w}=4.184 \ kJ/kg^{\circ}C$

They add energy efficiency as condenser becomes adiabatic, with total mass flow rate of minimal vapor,

⇒ $m_{s}\times (\Delta h)=M_{w}\times(Cp)_{w}\times \Delta T$

On putting the estimated values, we get

⇒ $5.55\times 2491=M_{w}\times 4.184\times 10\\$

⇒ $13825.05=M_{w}\times 41.84$

⇒ $M_{w}=330 \ kg/s$

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3 years ago