Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
2. 0-1 km shear value: taking winds at 1000mb and 850 mb
15 kts south easterly and 50 kts southerly
Vector difference 135/15 and 180/50 will be 170/61 or southerly 61 kts
3. 0-6 km shear value: taking winds at 1000 mb and 500 mb
15 kts south easterly and 40 kts westerly
Vector difference 135/15 and 270/40 will be 281/51 kts
please see attachment
Answer:
a) The ductility = -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa
Explanation:
Given that;
Original diameter = 12.8 mm
Final diameter = 10.7
Engineering stress = 460 Mpa
a) determine The ductility in terms of percent reduction in area;
Ai = π/4( )² ; Ag = π/4(
)²
% = π/4 [ ( ( )² - (
)²) / ( π/4 (
)²) ]
= ( ( )² - (
)²) / (
)² × 100
we substitute
= [( (10.7)² - (12.8)²) / (12.8)² ] × 100
= [(114.49 - 163.84) / 163.84 ] × 100
= - 0.3012 × 100
= -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) The true stress at fracture;
True stress =
( 1 +
)
is engineering strain
= dL / Lo
= (do² - df²) / df² = (12.8² - 10.7²) / 10.7² = (163.84 - 114.49) / 114.49
= 49.35 / 114.49
= 0.431
so we substitute the value of into our initial equation;
True stress = 460 ( 1 + 0.431)
True stress = 460 (1.431)
True stress = 658.26 Mpa
Therefore, the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa
Answer:
Everything is explained below in the Explanation section.
Explanation:
<em>a) TMDL stands for = Total Daily Maximum Loads</em>
TMDL is the measure of total maximum amount of pollutant allowed in the water body. TMDL is a important tool to maintain the quality of water and measure the aquatic pollution.
Whereas, the formula to calculate TMDL is as follows:
TMDL = Sum of waste load allocations (point source) + Sum of load allocations (non point sources and background) + Margin of Safety
<em>b) Dead Zones :</em>
Dead zones are zones which are termed as hypoxic which are low in oxygen because of the extreme aquatic pollution caused by human activities which in result deplete the oxygen level above the and below the oceans most required by the marine life. In addition, dead zones are those areas where oxygen is low and life in danger is high comparatively to other areas of oceans.
The main cause of that dead zones is because of eutrophication which means adding dangerous chemical nutrients in the water in exceeding amounts.
<em>c) Why Ammonia-nitrogen is detrimental to waterbodies: </em>
1. Ammonia nitrogen is a very toxic pollutant often found in landfills and sewage and waste products.
2. Ammonia nitrogen reduces the ability of water to disinfect its inhabitants and it reduces the purity. Furthermore, it changes the smell of the water and pollutes it.
3. Last but not the least, if you increase the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, the dissolved oxygen rate will be decreased and it has a inverse relation which is very dangerous to marine life underwater.
<em>d) Streeter-Phelps DO curve:</em>
Please refer to the attachment, I have attached the curve.
This curve is used to evaluate the dissolved oxygen in the water with varying distance.
It can be further studied from the curve that, how much loss sewage and other pollutants can endure upon the marine life.
