Explanation:
it is given that, the linear charge density of a charge,
Firstly, we can define the electric field for a small element and then integrate for the whole. The very small electric field is given by :
..........(1)
The linear charge density is given by :
Integrating equation (1) from x = x₀ to x = infinity
Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
The additional trials needed is 48 trials
Explanation:
Given;
initial number of trials, n = 16 trials
the standard deviation, σ = 0.24 s
initial standard error, ε = 0.06 s
The standard error is given by;
To reduce the standard error to 0.03 s, let the additional number of trials = x
Therefore, the additional trials needed is 48 trials.
Answer:
Second order line appears at 43.33° Bragg angle.
Explanation:
When there is a scattering of x- rays from the crystal lattice and interference occurs, this is known as Bragg's law.
The Bragg's diffraction equation is :
.....(1)
Here n is order of constructive interference, λ is wavelength of x-ray beam, d is the inter spacing distance of lattice and θ is the Bragg's angle or scattering angle.
Given :
Wavelength, λ = 1.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
Bragg's angle, θ = 20°
Order of constructive interference, n =1
Substitute these value in equation (1).
d = 2.04 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
For second order constructive interference, let the Bragg's angle be θ₁.
Substitute 2 for n, 2.04 x 10⁻¹⁰ m for d and 1.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ m for λ in equation (1).
<em>θ₁ </em>= 43.33°