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3 years ago

Various factors to be considered in deciding the factor of safety?

Engineering

1 answer:

Eduardwww [97]3 years ago

4 0

Answer with Explanation:

There are various factors that needed to be taken into account while deciding the factor of safety some of which are summarized below as:

1) Importance of the structure: When we design any structure different structures have different importance in our society. Take an example of hospital, in case a natural disaster struck's a place the hospital should be the designed to withstand the disaster as it's role in the crisis management following a disaster is well understood. Thus while designing it we need it to have a higher factor of safety against failure when compared to a local building.

2) Errors involved in estimation of strength of materials: when we design any component of any machine or a structure we need to have an exact idea of the behavior of the material and know the value of the strength of the material. But many materials that we use in structure such as concrete in buildings have a very complex behavior and we cannot estimate the strength of the concrete absolutely, thus we tend to decrease the strength of the concrete more if errors involved in the estimation of strength are more to give much safety to the structure.

3) Variability of the loads that may act on the structure: If the loads that act on the structure are highly variable such as earthquake loads amd dynamic loads then we tend to increase the factor of safety while estimating the loads on the structure while designing it.

4) Economic consideration: If our project has abundant funds then we can choose a higher factor of safety while designing the project.

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You have a 12 volt power source running through a circuit that has 3kΩ of resistance, how many amps (in mA) can flow through the

siniylev [52]

Answer:

4mA

Explanation:

For this problem, we will simply apply Ohm's law:

V = IR

V/R = I

I = V / R

I = 12 volt / 3kΩ

I = 4mA

Hence, the current in the circuit is 4mA.

Cheers.

5 0

3 years ago

A coil of wire 8.6 cm in diameter has 15 turns and carries a current of 2.7 A. The coil is placed in a magnetic field of 0.56 T.

SVEN [57.7K]

Answer:

Explanation:

it is given that diameter = 8.6 cm

$radius =\frac{8.6}{2}=4.3\ cm=4.3\times 10^{-2}\ m$

current =2.7 ampere

number of turns = 15

$area =\pi r^2=3.14\times \left ( 4.3\times 10^{-2} \right )^{2}=0.005806 m^{2}$

magnetic field =0.56 T

maximum torque= BINASINΘ for maximum torque sinΘ=1

so maximum torque==0.56×2.7×0.005806×15=0.13174 Nm

4 0

3 years ago

In an aligned and continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 97% of a load applied in the l

Juli2301 [7.4K]

Answer:

a) 0.26

b) 1077 MPa

Explanation:

a) The following equation can be used to determine the volume fraction:

$\frac{F_f}{F_m} =\frac{E_fV_f}{E_m(1-V_f)}$

$\frac{0.97}{1-0.97} =\frac{260V_f}{2.8(1-V_f)}$

$32.3 = \frac{260V_f}{2.8-2.8V_f}$

$V_f = 0.26$

b) Tensile strength can be found by using the following equation:

$\sigma_{cl} = \sigma_m(1-V_f)+\sigma_fV_f = 50*(1-0.26)+4000*0.26 = 1077$ MPa

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4 years ago

Poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), or natural rubber (NR), has a tendency crystallize. The Tm of this polymer is slightly below room temper

Nonamiya [84]

Answer:

Explanation:

Crystalline melting temperature (Tm) is termed as the temperature required for a crystalline polymer to change to a fluid or glasslike crystalline spaces of a semi-crystalline polymer liquefy (expanded sub-atomic movement).

Crystallization of polymers is an interaction related with incomplete arrangement of their atomic and molecular chains. These chains crease together and structure requested districts called lamellae, which form bigger spheroidal designs named spherulites. Polymers can solidify after cooling from melting, mechanical extending, or dissolvable dissipation. Crystallization influences the optical, mechanical, and synthetic chemical properties of the polymer.

For a crystalline polymer, a required polymer chain is present in or goes along a few crystalline and amorphous zones. The crystalline zones are comprised of intermolecular & intramolecular arrangements or deliberate and thus firmly stuffed plan of atoms or chain fragments, and an absence of it brings about the development of amorphous zones.

The mechanical property boundary, for example, shear modulus expansions in the temperature of perception for polymer material framework.

The temperature reaction of direct linear polymers might be seen as partitioned into three particularly separate fragments:

1. Above Tm: The polymer stays as fluid whose consistency & viscosity would rely upon atomic molecular weight and temperature.

2. Between Tm and Tg: This area may go between close to 100% crystalline & 100% amorphous chain atomic bunches relying upon the polymer underlying consistency. The amorphous part carries on similar to supercooled fluid in this section. The generally actual conduct of the polymer in this moderate portion is similar to an elastic rubber.

3.Below Tg: The polymer material saw as glass is hard and inflexible, showing and emanating a predetermined coefficient of thermal extension. The glass is more like a crystalline strong than the fluid in personal conduct standard regarding mechanical property boundaries. In regard to the molecular atomic request, in any case, the glass all the more intently takes after the fluid. There is little contrast between the direct linear and cross-connected polymer beneath Tg.

8 0

3 years ago

Soap is a very interesting chemical. We even discussed it on the discussion board. How does it work, exactly?

soldi70 [24.7K]

Answer:

Saponification is a process in which soap is formed from mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. These fatty acids are reacted high temperature of At 80°C-100°C with alkali to extract salt. These alkali can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Soap has both polar (ionic) and non polar molecules due to which it has characteristics of both hydrophilic substance (having tendency to mix with water) and hydrophobic substance (have tendency to mix with oils) and due to this nature it can act as an emulsifier.

An emulsifier has tendency to diffuse one liquid into another liquid which is incapable of mixing with homogeneous liquid like water.

Cleansing action takes place due to presence of ionic and non-polar properties at same time, in combination with solubility principles. The ionic end of soap molecule is the salt end. It is hydrophilic (water soluble) in nature. The non-polar end cotains long hydrocarbon chains and is hydrophobic (water repellent).

When immiscible liquids like grease or oil mixed with soap water, non polar end (hydrophobic end) absorbs the dirt which means the soap will form the micelles and trap the dirt in it. As micelles is soluble in water it will remove the dirt with it.

4 0

3 years ago